Mycolicibacterium

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Mycolicibacterium
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycolicibacterium
Gupta et al. 2018 [1]
Type species
Mycolicibacterium fortuitum
(da Costa Cruz 1938) Gupta et al. 2018
Species

See text.

Mycolicibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales. [1]

Contents

Members of Mycolicibacterium were demarcated from the larger genus Mycobacterium in 2018 by Gupta et al. based on evidence from various phylogenetic trees constructed based on conserved genome sequences, comparative genomic analyses and average amino acid identity values. [1] In addition to this genus, the study proposed the division of Mycobacterium into a total of five distinct genera, which was met with some resistance by some of the scientific community. The resistance was based on the grounds that Mycobacterium contains some clinically relevant species and name changes might cause confusion among clinicians and other researchers. [2]

In 2020, Yamada et al. analyzed the fundamental morphological properties of the new genera, including the cell diameter, cell length, cell perimeter, cell circularity and aspect ratio, and determined that there were significant differences between the five genera, thus supporting the new division. [3]

The name Mycolicibacterium is derived from the Latin acidum mycolicum (translates to mycolic acid) and the Latin noun bacterium from the Greek noun "bacteria" (translates to small rod). Together the name refers to a genus of mycolic acid containing rod-shaped bacteria. [1]

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures [1]

Mycolicibacterium is a genus of rapidly-growing bacteria, taking less than seven days to form colonies. Members are also non-chromogenic (does not produce pigment), and are positive for the 3 day arylsulfatase activity test, nitrate reductase and iron uptake. Most species are saprophytic and are able to process decaying organic matter for nutrients. While members of this genus are not considered to be pathogenic, some species have been reported to cause infections and diseases. The genome size for Mycolicibacterium is between 3.95–8.0 Mbp and their G+C content is between 65.4–70.3 mol%.

Four conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified through genomic analyses as uniquely present in this genus in the following proteins: LacI family transcriptional regulator, cyclase, CDP-diacylglycerol–glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase and CDP-diacylglycerol–serine O-phosphatidyltransferase. [1] These CSIs serve as a reliable molecular means for distinguishing members of this Mycolicibacterium from other genera in the family Mycobacteriaceae and all other bacteria. Additionally, 10 unique conserved signature proteins (CSPs) were identified for this genus.

Species

The phylogeny of Mycolicibacterium [1] [lower-alpha 1]
Mycolicibacterium

Mycobacterium (outgroup)

Notes

  1. Not all species are included in this phylogenetic tree.

Mycolicibacterium comprises the followings species: [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Mycobacterium</i> Genus of bacteria

Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer that contains high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mycobacteriaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Mycobacteriaceae is a family of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota. Its name is derived from the Mycobacterium genus, which includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces.

Mycolicibacterium alvei is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium.

Mycolicibacterium aubagnense is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium.

Mycolicibacter hiberniae is a species of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota.

Mycolicibacter nonchromogenicus is an infectious species of bacteria.

Mycolicibacter is a genus of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycolicibacillus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycobacteroides is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycolicibacillus koreensis is a slow-growing, non-chromogenic species of Mycolicibacillus originally isolated from the sputum of a human patient. It grows at temperatures from 25 to 37 °C and is susceptible to quinolones. The genome of M. koreensis contains a tRNA array that contains a long non-coding RNA called GOLDD.

Mycobacteroides saopaulense is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides that was first isolated from a human patient undergoing LASIK surgery. It has also been isolated from turtles and cows. A strain isolated from mangroves has been demonstrated to produce clavulanic acid and streptomycin. The genome of M. saopaulense contains a tRNA array that contains a long non-coding RNA called GOLDD. M. saopaulense is susceptible to amikacin, kanamycin, and clarithromycin.

Mycolicibacter algericus is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from the lung lesion of a goat. It is non-pigmented and grows slowly at 25–42 °C on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. It has also been isolated from freshwater fish, fresh produce, water treatment plant sludge, and a natural cave.

Mycolicibacter engbaekii is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota. It is susceptible to amikacin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, linezolid, and rifabutin. It has also been recovered from African tuberculosis patients, water treatment plant sludge, and dairy cattle.

Mycolicibacter longobardus is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota. It is susceptible to sulfamethoxazole and clarithromycin. It has been associated with cases of osteomyelitis and an epidermal inclusion cyst of the hand,

"Mycolicibacter sinensis" is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was isolated from a human manifesting tuberculosis-like disease. It is susceptible to ethambutol but is resistant to most other anti-tuberculosis drugs. It has also been isolated from domestic and wild animals.

Mycolicibacter minnesotensis is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from a sphagnum peat bog. It is pink-pigmented and grows at 27–34 °C. It has also been isolated from fresh produce and water treatment plant sludge.

Mycolicibacter senuensis is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from the sputum of a patient with an unspecified pulmonary infection. It is non-pigmented and grows slowly at 25–37 °C. It has also been isolated from swine.

Mycolicibacter paraterrae is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from the sputum of a patient with an unspecified pulmonary infection. It forms orange colonies when grown in the dark and grows slowly at 25–37 °C. It has also been isolated from

Mycolicibacterium agri is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from soil. It is non-pigmented and grows rapidly at 25–45 °C on Ogawa egg medium. It has also been isolated from a human skin infection, and raw milk M. agri is capable of degrading octocrylene.

Mycolicibacterium aichiense is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota that was first isolated from soil and from human sputum. It produces pigments when grow in the dark and grows rapidly at 25–37 °C on Ogawa egg medium or Sauton agar medium.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gupta, Radhey S.; Lo, Brian; Son, Jeen (2018-02-13). "Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 67. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   5819568 . PMID   29497402.
  2. Tortoli, Enrico; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Chalmers, James D.; Cirillo, Daniela M.; Daley, Charles L.; Emler, Stefan; Floto, R. Andres; Garcia, Maria J.; Hoefsloot, Wouter; Koh, Won-Jung; Lange, Christoph (2019-07-01). "Same meat, different gravy: Ignore the new names of mycobacteria". European Respiratory Journal. 54 (1). doi: 10.1183/13993003.00795-2019 . ISSN   0903-1936. PMID   31296783. S2CID   195893005.
  3. Yamada, Hiroyuki; Chikamatsu, Kinuyo; Aono, Akio; Murata, Kazuyoshi; Miyazaki, Naoyuki; Kayama, Yoko; Bhatt, Apoorva; Fujiwara, Nagatoshi; Maeda, Shinji; Mitarai, Satoshi (2020). "Fundamental Cell Morphologies Examined With Cryo-TEM of the Species in the Novel Five Genera Robustly Correlate With New Classification in Family Mycobacteriaceae". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 562395. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562395 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   7701246 . PMID   33304323.
  4. Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Mycolicibacterium". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 25, 2022.