Myosotis arnoldii

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Myosotis arnoldii
SP100473 Myosotis arnoldii L.B.Moore WELT Te Papa 1365136 501430.jpg
Herbarium specimen of Myosotis arnoldii plant collected in 2013 WELT SP100473
Status NZTCS NU.svg
Naturally Uncommon (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Myosotis
Species:
M. arnoldii
Binomial name
Myosotis arnoldii

Myosotis arnoldii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the species in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences, corollas ranging from yellow to dark purple, and stamens that are wholly exserted.

Contents

Description

Myosotis arnoldii plants are rosettes. The rosette leaves have broad petioles that difficult to distinguish from the leaf blades. The rosette leaves are 30–70 mm long by 5–9 mm wide (length: width ratio ca. 3–7: 1), linear-spathulate or oblanceolate, and widest at or above the middle, with an subacute to obtuse apex. Both surfaces of the leaf are uniformly and densely covered in straight, appressed, white hairs that completely cover the underlying leaf surface. Each rosette has several erect, ebracteate inflorescences that are up to 180 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but smaller, are narrow-oblong and subacute, and have hairs similar to the rosette leaves.

The flowers are many per inflorescence, and each is borne on a short pedicel, each with a bract. The calyx is c. 8 mm long at flowering and fruiting, lobed to one-half of its length, and densely covered in straight, appressed antrorse hairs, as well as some erect hooked hairs near the base. The corolla is yellow to dark purple, "deeply coloured", and about 8–10 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, and small scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are exserted with the anthers surpassing the faucal scales. The nutlets were not described. [3] Flowering occurs between October to January and fruiting from December to May. [3]

Taxonomy

Myosotis arnoldii is in the plant family Boraginaceae and was originally described in 1961 by Lucy Moore in the Flora of New Zealand. [2] [3]

The original specimens (isotypes) of this species were collected by Arnold Wall from "Ben More, Ure River, Marlborough", South Island, New Zealand. [2] The specimens collected by Wall are housed are lodged at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington (herbarium WELT). [2] [4] [5]

The specific epithet, arnoldii, is named after Arnold Wall (1869 – 1966), a New Zealand botanist who made the first collections. [2]

Lucy Moore suggested that Myosotis arnoldii is morphologically most similar to M. angustata and M. macrantha based on habit and leaves, and to M. albosericea based on the very dense covering of white, appressed hairs on its vegetative parts including the rosette and stem leaves, which completely obscure the epidermis. [2] These hairs are antrorse (forward facing), straight, and on the leaf are oriented parallel to the midrib. The only other New Zealand species with such hairs is Myosotis albosericea, endemic to southern South Island, New Zealand. [6]

Phylogeny

No individuals of M. arnoldii were included in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions) of New Zealand Myosotis. [7] [8] In those studies, within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. [7] [8]

Three individuals from one population of M. arnoldii were also genotyped in a study that developed microsatellite DNA markers for another species group of New Zealand Myosotis. [9] [10] The individuals of M. arnoldii included showed a high number of alleles that cross-amplified at most of the microsatellite loci. [10]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotisarnoldii is a forget-me-not is known to occur in two disjunct populations in the northern part of the South Island, New Zealand. [3] [11] This species grows on cliff faces and other rocky habitats on marble substrates on Hoary Head, North West Nelson and on limestone substrates at its type locality in the Chalk Range, Marlborough. [3] [2] [12]

Myosotis arnoldii is likely to be an outcrossing species, with plants requiring a pollinating vector to achieve pollination and seed set. [11]

Conservation status

Myosotis arnoldii is listed as At Risk – Naturally Uncommon with the qualifiers Data Poor (DP) and Range Restricted (RR) on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Myosotis pansa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> pansa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pansa subsp. pansa, also known as the Waitakere forget-me-not, is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was transferred to a subspecies of M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis retrorsa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis retrorsa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis cheesemanii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis cheesemanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1886. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis lyallii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> elderi</i>

Myosotis lyalliisubsp. elderi is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Lucy Moore described Myosotis elderi in 1961, and Heidi Meudt and Jessie Prebble treated it as a subspecies of M. lyallii in 2018. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas with partially exserted anthers.

<i>Myosotis albosericea</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis albosericea is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis concinna</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis concinna is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are large, perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis laeta</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis laeta is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to ultramafic areas of the Sounds-Nelson area of the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis goyenii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis goyenii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1891. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted or fully included stamens.

<i>Myosotis goyenii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> goyenii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis goyeniisubsp. goyenii is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to southern South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species M. goyenii in 1891. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis goyenii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> infima</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis goyeniisubsp. infima Meudt & Heenan is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to central South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt and Peter Heenan described this subspecies in 2021. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form caespitose clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with fully incluced stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described this species in 1864. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cantabrica</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversiisubsp. cantabrica is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the central South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described M. traversii var. cantabrica in 1961 and Heidi Meudt changed its rank to subspecies in 2021. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

Myosotis × cinerascens is a hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described M. cinerascens in 1891, and it was later deemed to be a hybrid in 2021. Plants of this forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis pansa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pansa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was raised to species level as M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas and exserted anthers.

<i>Myosotis petiolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis petiolata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the Hawkes Bay region of the North Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis pottsiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pottsiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described Myosotis petiolata var. pottsiana in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis exarrhena</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis exarrhena is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to Australia. Robert Brown described this species as Exarrhena suaveolens in 1810. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis saxatilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis saxatilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Donald Petrie described this species in 1918. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly exserted.

<i>Myosotis macrantha</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis macrantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species as Exarrhena macrantha in 1864, and Thomas Cheeseman transferred it to the genus Myosotis in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and yellow to dark purple corollas with stamens that are exserted.

<i>Myosotis oreophila</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis oreophila is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1896. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partially exserted.

References

  1. 1 2 Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 45. OCLC   1041649797.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Moore, L.B. "Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Myosotis arnoldii". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Myosotis arnoldii isotype | Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  5. ↑ "Myosotis arnoldii isotype | Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  6. ↑ Meudt, Heidi (2021). "Taxonomic revision of five species groups of ebracteate-erect Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to New Zealand, based on morphology, and description of new subspecies". Australian Systematic Botany. 34 (3): 252–304. doi:10.1071/SB20028. S2CID   234771910.
  7. 1 2 Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 May 2015). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x. ISSN   2199-6881. S2CID   254048318.
  8. 1 2 Winkworth, Richard C; Grau, Jürke; Robertson, Alastair W; Lockhart, Peter J (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755.
  9. ↑ Prebble, Jessica; Tate, Jennifer Alane; Meudt, Heidi; Symonds, Vaughan (9 June 2015). "Microsatellite markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) amplify across species". Applications in Plant Sciences. 3 (6). doi:10.3732/APPS.1500027. PMC   4467761 . PMID   26082880.
  10. 1 2 Prebble, Jessica; Meudt, Heidi; Tate, Jennifer Alane; Symonds, Vaughan (1 August 2019). "Comparing and co‐analysing microsatellite and morphological data for species delimitation in the New Zealand native Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae)". Taxon. 68 (4): 731–750. doi:10.1002/TAX.12096.
  11. 1 2 Mary Brandon, Andrea (2001). Breeding systems and rarity in New Zealand Myosotis (PhD thesis). Massey University.
  12. ↑ "Calcareous cliffs, scarps and tors". Manaaki Whenua. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
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