Myosotis macrantha

Myosotis macrantha
flowering plants of Myosotis macrantha
Conservation status
Not Threatened (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Boraginaceae
Genus:	Myosotis
Species:	M. macrantha
Binomial name
Myosotis macrantha (Hook.f.)Cheeseman [2] [3]

Myosotis macrantha or the Bronze Forget-Me-Not ^[4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species as Exarrhena macrantha in 1864, and Thomas Cheeseman transferred it to the genus Myosotis in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and yellow to dark purple corollas with stamens that are exserted.

Taxonomy and etymology

Myosotis macrantha (Hook.f.) Cheeseman is in the plant family Boraginaceae. ^[5] The species was originally described as Exarrhena macrantha Hook.f. in 1867 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in Handbook of the New Zealand Flora . ^{[6] [2]} Thomas Cheeseman transferred it to Myosotis saxosa (Hook.f.) Cheeseman in 1885. ^[3] Myosotis macrantha is not mentioned in Genera Plantarum by Bentham and Hooker, ^[7] and therefore ‘M. macrantha (Hook.f.) Benth. & Hook.f,’ is not the correct author citation. ^[8]

The most recent treatment of this species was done by Lucy B. Moore in the Flora of New Zealand. ^[6]

The original specimens (syntypes) of Myosotis macrantha were collected by several different collectors at multiple sites in the South Island, New Zealand, and are likely lodged at Kew Herbarium (e.g. K000787875). ^{[9] [6]}

Three varieties have been described within M. macrantha: ^[6]

• M. macrantha var. pulchra Cheeseman ^[10]
• M. macrantha var. westlandica Petrie ^[11]
• M. macrantha var. diversa G.Simpson & J.S.Thomson ^[12]
• M. macrantha var. macrantha (autonym)

Since their descriptions, these varieties have not been used or referred to often in the literature, and Lucy Moore suggested that none of these varieties "is sufficiently distinct to be maintained without further evidence". ^[6]

Vegetatively, Myosotis macrantha is similar to M. explanata, whereas the flowers are similar to those of M. arnoldii. ^{[6] [5]}

Phylogeny

Myosotis macrantha was shown to be a part of the monophyletic southern hemisphere lineage of Myosotis in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions) of New Zealand Myosotis. ^{[13] [14]} Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. ^{[14] [13]} Of the five individuals of M. macrantha included in the study, up to three individuals clustered together and sometimes with individuals of M. angustata or M. explanata, depending on the analysis. ^[13]

Description

Myosotis macrantha plants are rosettes. The rosette leaves have broad petioles that are about as long as the leaf blades. The rosette leaves are 30–120 mm long by 6–20 mm wide (length: width ratio c. 5–6: 1), and the leaf blade is obovate to lanceolate-spathulate, widest below, at or above the middle, with a subacute apex. Both surfaces of the leaf are uniformly and sparsely to densely covered in patent to erect hairs. The upper surface of the leaf has densely distributed appressed to erect antrorse (forward-facing) whereas on the lower surface the hairs are mostly appressed and retrorse (backward-facing) except for some antrorse hairs near the tip. Each rosette has several ascending to erect, ebracteate inflorescences that are up to 300 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but are smaller and become smaller toward the top of the inflorescence, lanceolate, and subacute, and have hairs similar to the rosette leaves except the upper cauline leaves may not have retrorse hairs on the lower surfaces. The flowers are many per inflorescence, and each is borne on a short pedicel, without a bract. The calyx is 6–9 mm long at flowering and fruiting, lobed to one-half tor more of its length, and densely covered in patent to erect, antrorse hairs that are mostly antrorse, but some are retrorse near the base and others are hooked. The corolla is yellow, brownish or purple and can reach 15  mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, and small scales alternating with the petals (the scales are sometimes absent or obscure). The anthers are exserted, surpassing the faucal scales. The nutlets are c. 3 mm long by 1.5 mm wide. ^[6]

The pollen of Myosotis macrantha is unknown.

The chromosome number of M. macrantha is unknown.

Flowering December–March and fruiting February–May. ^[5]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotismacrantha is a forget-me-not that occurs in high-elevation habitats in the South Island of New Zealand, particularly along the western side, in Western Nelson, Canterbury, Westland, Otago and Fiordland. ^{[6] [5] [15]}

Myosotis macranthais likely to be an outcrossing species, with plants requiring a pollinating vector to achieve pollination and seed set. ^[16]

Conservation status

Myosotis macrantha is listed as Not Threatened on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants. ^[1]

Gallery

• 
  Close-up of light coloured folowers
• 
  Plant with dark maroon flowers
• 
  Close-up of flowers with yellow corolla lobes
• 
  Rosette leaves

References

1. Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 45. OCLC   1041649797.
2. Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1 January 1867). Handbook of the New Zealand flora : a systematic description of the native plants of New Zealand and the Chatham, Kermadec's, Lord Auckland's, and Macquarrie's islands.
3. Cheeseman, Thomas (1 January 1885). "New Species of Plants". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 17: 235–236.
4. "Bronze forget-me-not, Myosotis macrantha (Hook.f.) Benth. & Hook.f." Museum of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
5. "Myosotis macrantha". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
6. Moore, L.B. "Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
7. Bentham, George; Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1876). Genera Plantarum. Vol. 2. London: L. Reeve & Co.
8. Meudt, Heidi (1 January 2021). "Taxonomic revision of five species groups of ebracteate-erect Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to New Zealand, based on morphology, and description of new subspecies". Australian Systematic Botany. 34 (3): 252–304. doi:10.1071/SB20028.
9. "Syntype of Myosotis macrantha on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
10. Cheeseman, Thomas (1 January 1906). Manual of the New Zealand flora.
11. Petrie, Donald (1 January 1918). "Descriptions of new native flowering-plants". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 50: 207–211.
12. Simpson, George; Thomson, John Scott (1 January 1943). "Notes on Some New Zealand Plants and Descriptions of New Species". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 73: 155–171.
13. Meudt, Heidi; Prebble, Jessica; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (7 November 2014). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. doi:10.1007/S00606-014-1166-X.
14. Richard Winkworth; Jürke Grau; Alastair Robertson; Peter Lockhart (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755. Wikidata   Q30707919.
15. "Myosotis macrantha - GBIF". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
16. "Breeding systems and rarity in New Zealand Myosotis". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

External links

• Myosotis macrantha occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium