Myosotis laeta

Myosotis laeta
Conservation status
Nationally Endangered (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Boraginaceae
Genus:	Myosotis
Species:	M. laeta
Binomial name
Myosotis laeta Cheeseman, 1885 [2]

Myosotis laeta is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to ultramafic areas of the Sounds-Nelson area of the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas.

Taxonomy and etymology

Specimen of Myosotis laeta collected by Thomas Cheeseman

Myosotis laeta is in the plant family Boraginaceae and was described in 1885 by Thomas Cheeseman. ^{[3] [4] [2] [5]}

Myosotis laeta is morphologically similar to other ebracteate-erect species, especially M. brockiei, M. capitata and M. rakiura. ^[4] It is probably most similar to M. brockiei from Western Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. M. laeta is also sometimes confused with M. monroi, whose geographic range overlaps with that of M. laeta in ultramafic areas of Sounds-Nelson, South Island. ^[4]

Myosotis laeta can be distinguished from M. brockiei by the following characters: the underside of the rosette leaves are much less hairy and are all retrorse (backward-facing), the hairs on the leaf edges are patent instead of erect, the calyx has hooked hairs, and the flower has short filaments. Some of these characters also help distinguish M. laeta from M. rakiura and M. capitata , both of which are found much further south in southern South Island and Rakiura/Stewart Island, and the New Zealand subantarctic islands, respectively. ^[4]

Myosotis laeta can be distinguished from M. monroi by its patent, oblique, flexuous hairs on the leaf that are retrorse on the underside, its unbranched inflorescences, the retrorse hairs on the smaller calyx, and its calyx lobes that are more than half the length of the calyx. ^[4]

The lectotype specimen of Myosotis laeta was collected by Thomas Cheeseman from Red Hills, Wairau in 1882 and is lodged at the Auckland War Memorial Museum Herbarium (AK 7531). ^{[4] [6]} There is also an isolectotype there (AK 210594) ^[7] and another at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (WELT SP002415). ^[4]

The specific epithet, laeta, is derived from the Latin laetus and means bright, cheerful or pleasant. ^[4]

Phylogeny

Myosotis laeta has not yet been included in any phylogenetic analyses of southern hemisphere Myosotis using standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions). ^{[8] [9]}

Description

Myosotis laeta plants are single rosettes that often grow together to form loose tufts or clumps. The rosette leaves have petioles 4–29 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 8–35 mm long by 4–10 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.5–4.0: 1), narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, widest at or above the middle, with an obtuse apex. The upper surface and the edges of the leaf are densely covered in mostly flexuous, patent to erect, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are usually oriented oblique to the mid vein. The hairs on the underside of the leaf are similar but mostly retrorse (backward-facing), oriented parallel or oblique to the mid vein, and less hairy (sparsely to densely distributed). Each rosette has 1–2 erect, unbranched, ebracteate inflorescences that are up to 220 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves but smaller with shorter petioles, and decrease in size toward the tip. Each inflorescence has up to 15 flowers, each borne on a pedicel up to 4 mm long at fruiting, and each without a bract. The calyx is 3–5 mm long at flowering or fruiting, lobed to half to nearly its full length, and densely covered in mostly antrorse (some retrorse near the base), appressed to patent hairs, that can be straight, flexuous, curved, or hooked. The corolla is white, up to 11 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are broadly ovate or broadly obovate, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are fully exserted above the scales. The four smooth, shiny, light brown nutlets are 1.4–2.1 mm long by 0.6–1.2 mm wide and narrowly ovoid in shape. ^[4]

The chromosome number of M. laeta is unknown.

The pollen of M. laeta is unknown.

It flowers and fruits from November–January, with the main flowering and fruiting period in January. ^[4]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotis laeta is a forget-me-not endemic to the Richmond Range, Sounds-Nelson, northern South Island of New Zealand from 850–1200 m ASL. It is found in damp ultramafic grassland, shrubland or fellfield in the mineral belt. ^[4]

Conservation status

The species is listed as Threatened - Nationally Endangered on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants, with the qualifiers "DP" (Data Poor), "RR" (Range Restricted), "RF" Recruitment Failure, and "St" (Stable). ^{[1] [4]}

References

1. Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 45. OCLC   1041649797.
2. Cheeseman, T. F. (1885). "New Species of Plants". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 17: 236. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q115527957.
3. Moore, L.B. "Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
4. Meudt, Heidi (2021). "Taxonomic revision of five species groups of ebracteate-erect Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to New Zealand, based on morphology, and description of new subspecies". Australian Systematic Botany . 34 (3): 252–304. doi:10.1071/SB20028. ISSN   1030-1887. Wikidata   Q107671092.
5. "Myosotis laeta". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
6. "Lectotype of Myosotis laeta". Auckland War Memorial Museum . Retrieved 26 August 2022.
7. "Isolectotype of Myosotis laeta". Auckland War Memorial Museum . Retrieved 26 August 2022.
8. Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 May 2015). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. Bibcode:2015PSyEv.301.1455M. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x. ISSN   2199-6881. S2CID   254048318.
9. Richard Winkworth; Jürke Grau; Alastair Robertson; Peter Lockhart (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755. Wikidata   Q30707919.

External links

• Myosotis laeta occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium