Mysticarion porrectus | |
---|---|
Mysticarion porrectus from the Tia River, Great Dividing Range, Australia | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
Order: | Stylommatophora |
Family: | Helicarionidae |
Genus: | Mysticarion |
Species: | M. porrectus |
Binomial name | |
Mysticarion porrectus Iredale, 1941 | |
Synonyms | |
Helicarion porrectus |
Mysticarion porrectus, also known as Helicarion porrectus, is a tree-dwelling snail in the family Helicarionidae. It is endemic to Australia. This species occurs in and near rainforests at high altitude in eastern Australia. It is associated with Gondwana cool temperate rainforests, with trees such as Antarctic Beech, Sassafras and Pinkwood.
Mysticarion porrectus is found between Mount Dromedary in south east New South Wales up the Great Dividing Range to Mount Superbus, 150 km south west of Brisbane, Queensland
The shell of this snail species is very thin and transparent, so the brightly coloured internal organs are visible through it. The animal has a gland at the end of its tail which is thought to emit pheromones during courtship.
The shell of this Mysticarion species is too small for the soft parts to completely retract into. This gastropod is what is referred to as a "semi-slug": through the course of evolution, the shell has become reduced in size and thickness so that now it mainly offers some protection to the visceral organs. This phenomenon of shell reduction has occurred independently across a number of different families. In some families such as the Athoracophoridae, Cystopeltidae and Limacidae the shell has either completely disappeared or has been so reduced in size as to become a small internal plate – these animals are known as slugs, which are simply snails that have lost their external shell through the course of evolution. It is thought that shell reduction in some families has occurred because of a shortage in calcium carbonate in the local rocks or soil; this calcium carbonate is needed by snails to manufacture their shells.
In the Helicarionidae, shell types range across almost the whole spectrum, from species with large, fully formed shells they can withdraw back into, to those with very reduced ear-shaped or plate-like shells that are partly or almost completely internal, and which sit on their backs like a saddle.
This species is thought to be a herbivore which scrapes biofilm such as algae and sooty mould off the surface of living leaves.
The snail often rests on leaves of shrubs and saplings, and also on the trunks of larger trees. It usually rests on its side, with the end part of its tail curved back. This tail area can act as a suction cup and because of the snail's habit of resting on leaves, these animals can be accidentally and unknowingly picked up by other animals, or even by cars and human beings, that brush against the foliage. Most arboreal snails have very sticky mucus, and this "hitchhiking" capability may account for the very extensive distributions of some of the smaller species, as they could easily travel on the feet or legs of birds or bats.
The Helicarionidae are thought to be a Gondwanan family because they are restricted mainly to parts of the southern hemisphere and Southeast Asia, including Oceania and South Africa.
In Australia, most helicarionids are found along the eastern coast and ranges, particularly in the Border Ranges and Wet Tropics bioregions. A few species occur in South Australia, one species occurs in the high rainfall area in the south west of Western Australia and two species are found in the Kimberley region.
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell are often called semi-slugs.
The gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.
Powelliphanta is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropods in the family Rhytididae, found only in New Zealand. They are carnivorous, eating invertebrates, mostly native earthworms. Often restricted to very small areas of moist forest, they are prey to introduced mammalian predators, and many species are threatened or endangered.
Mitchell's rainforest snail is a species of large, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Camaenidae.
Helicarion australis is a species of air-breathing pulmonate land snail or semi-slug in the family Helicarionidae. This species is endemic to Australia.
Helicarion is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.
Attenborougharion rubicundus is a species of air-breathing semi-slug, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Helicarionidae.
Victaphanta compacta, common name the Otway black snail, is a species of carnivorous air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Rhytididae. The Otway Black Snail Victaphanta compacta is only found in cool temperate rainforests in the Otway Ranges, Victoria, Australia. It is one of four species of the carnivorous land snails in the genus Victaphanta and is endemic to the Otway Ranges.
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells. However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water.
Helicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.
The molluscshell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea; many live on the land and in freshwater.
Paralaoma servilis is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Juliidae, common name the bivalved gastropods, is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group.
Mysticarion is a genus of air-breathing, tree-dwelling land snails, terrestrial arboreal pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Helicarioninae of the family Helicarionidae.
George Alan Solem, known professionally as Alan Solem, was an American malacologist, a biologist who studied mollusks.
The Mount Hyland Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve that is located in the New England region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The 2,519-hectare (6,220-acre) reserve is situated approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Dorrigo.
Semi-slugs, also spelled semislugs, are land gastropods whose shells are too small for them to retract into, but not quite vestigial. The shell of some semi-slugs may not be easily visible on casual inspection, because the shell may be covered over with the mantle.
Helicarion mastersi is a species of air-breathing land snail, also referred to as a semi-slug because of its small shell. It is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicarionidae.
Ubiquitarion iridis, the iridescent semi-slug is a tree-dwelling snail in the family Helicarionidae.
Opinorelia is a monotypic genus of palmleaf snails that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.
Media related to Mysticarion porrectus at Wikimedia Commons