The greenstripe barb, silver barb or striped barb is a tropical freshwater and brackish fish belonging to the subfamily Cyprininae of the family Cyprinidae. It originates in inland waters in Asia, and is found in Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka.
Philips's garra is a species of freshwater fish] in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Sri Lanka.
The Asoka barb is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Sri Lanka where it is found in the upper reaches of the Sitawaka River and its tributaries, and Kelani near Kitulgala. This fish can reach a length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in) TL.
Martenstyn's Barb is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Sri Lanka. This species can reach a length of 25 centimetres (9.8 in). It is important to local commercial fisheries.
The side-striped barb or black-lined barb is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Sri Lanka where it occurs in the catchment of the Kelani and Nilwala Rivers. This species can reach a length of 16 centimetres (6.3 in) TL. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can also be found in the aquarium trade.
The Wilpita rasbora is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Wilpita, Sri Lanka where it occurs in heavily shaded shallow, sluggish, streams.
Belontia signata, the Ceylonese combtail, is a species of gourami endemic to Sri Lanka. This species inhabits shallow, slow-flowing clear-water streams. It can reach a length of 18 centimetres (7.1 in) TL though most are only around 10 centimetres (3.9 in). It is also found in the aquarium trade. The combtail, in addition to normal gills, has a labyrinth, or rudimentary lung-like organ which enables it to survive in poorly oxygenated water, or even out of water, for considerable periods of time. Combtails can often be observed taking air from the surface of their tank to replenish their labyrinth.
Sicyopus jonklaasi, the lipstick goby, is a species of goby endemic to Sri Lanka where they occur in rocky hill streams of swift-flowing water. They having sucking discs on their undersides with which they adhere to the sides of rocks. Newly hatched larvae are washed to the sea by heavy flows brought on by rains and mature there before returning to the streams. This species can reach a length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
The horadandia, green carplet, or glowlight carplet, is a species of very small cyprinid fish that is found in slow-moving or still fresh and brackish water habitats in western Sri Lanka. Earlier thought to be a monotypic genus with the single species found in both Sri Lanka and India, an analysis published in 2013 showed that the Indian population should be recognized as a separate species, Horadandia brittani.
Mystus cavasius, the Gangetic mystus, is a species of catfish of the family Bagridae.
Mystus vittatus, the striped dwarf catfish, is a species of catfish of the family Bagridae. It is found in brackish water systems with marginal vegetation in lakes and swamps with a mud substrate of Asian countries Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and probably Myanmar. Populations of Southeast Asian countries is in debate, due to close morphological similarities among Mystus species in that region.
Mystus ankutta, also known as the Sri Lanka dwarf catfish or yellow dwarf catfish, is a species of catfish of the family Bagridae that is endemic to Sri Lanka. In the wild it is found in freshwater bodies from Kelani river to Nilwala river in Sri Lanka.
Oryzias dancena or the Indian ricefish are a freshwater–brackish fish species native to the India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand. Their maximum length is only 3.1 centimetres (1.2 in). They are normally found in brackish habitats near the coast, but it lives in fresh water as well. It is not considered threatened. This species was described as Cyprinus dancena by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1822 with the type locality given as "Estuary below Calcutta".
Oryzias carnaticus or the spotted ricefish are a freshwater–brackish fish species native to the India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. Their maximum length is only 3.0 centimetres (1.2 in). They are normally found near the coast, and can live in fresh water and brackish water.
Pseudosphromenus cupanus, also known as the spiketail paradisefish is a species of medium-small gouramies native to southern India and Sri Lanka. This species is often found in shallow, slow-moving or stagnant water, such as ditches and paddy fields. P. cupanus eats insects and zooplankton. Males are known to gather eggs in its mouth, and to guard the nest after eggs are hatched. The male may build many nests, and periodically move the eggs between them.
Oligolepis acutipennis, the Sharptail goby, is a species of goby native to marine, freshwater and brackish waters along the coasts of Indo-West Pacific region. This species can reach a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL.
Stiphodon martenstyni, the Martenstyn's stiphodon or Martenstyn's goby, is a species of amphidromous freshwater goby endemic to Sri Lanka where it can only be found in southwestern region. The males of this species can reach a length of 3.4 centimetres (1.3 in) SL.
The Rhinohorn goby, Girdled goby or Skunk goby is a species of goby native to the Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, New Guinea, Madagascar, and Mozambique. This species inhabits coastal estuaries, lakes and freshwater streams. It can reach a length of 3.8 centimetres (1.5 in) SL.
Acanthocobitis (Paracanthocobitis) urophthalma, also known as the banded mountain zipper loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus, or subgenus, Paracanthocobitis. This species is endemic to southwestern Sri Lanka.
Ompok argestes, is a species of sheatfishes endemic to Sri Lanka.
