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Mehmed IV,also known as Mehmed the Hunter,was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the age of six after his father was overthrown in a coup. Mehmed went on to become the second-longest-reigning sultan in Ottoman history after Suleiman the Magnificent. While the initial and final years of his reign were characterized by military defeat and political instability,during his middle years he oversaw the revival of the empire's fortunes associated with the Köprülüera. Mehmed IV was known by contemporaries as a particularly pious ruler,and was referred to as gazi,or "holy warrior" for his role in the many conquests carried out during his long reign.
Mahmud I,known as Mahmud the Hunchback,was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754. He took over the throne after the quelling of the Patrona Halil rebellion. His reign was marked by wars in Persia and conflicts in Europe. He delegated government affairs to his viziers and devoted time to writing poetry. Nader Shah's devastating campaign weakened the Mughal Empire and created the opportunity for Mahmud I to initiate war with cooperation from Muhammad Shah. The alliance ended with the latter's death,leading to tensions between the Afsharids and the Ottomans.
Osman III was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 to 1757. He was succeeded by his cousin Mustafa III.
The Reis ül-Küttab,or Reis Efendi,was a senior post in the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Translated as "chief of the scribes" or "head clerk",the holder of the post was originally the head of the chancery of the Imperial Council,evolving into an analogue to a Foreign Minister. In 1836,the title of reis ül-küttab was formally changed to Foreign Minister with the establishment of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the Tanzimat reforms.
Topal Osman Pasha (1663–1733) was an Ottoman military officer and administrator. A capable man,he rose to the rank of beylerbey by the age of 24 and served as general against the Venetians and the Habsburg monarchy and as governor in several provinces. His career eventually brought his appointment to the position of Grand Vizier in 1731–32. After his dismissal,he was sent to a provincial governorship,but was soon recalled to lead the Ottoman troops in the Ottoman–Persian War of 1730–35. He succeeded in defeating Nader Shah and saving Baghdad in 1732,but clashed with Nader for a second time the next year and was decisively beaten in the Battle of Kirkuk (1733),in which he lost his life.
"Öküz" Mehmed Pasha,also known as Kara Mehmed Pasha or "Kul Kıran" Mehmed Pasha,was an Ottoman statesman,administrator and military figure of the early 17th century who held the office of Grand Vizier twice,the first time from 17 October 1614 to 17 November 1616 and the second time from 18 January 1619 to 23 December 1619. He was also governor of Egypt from 1607 to 1611. Okuz Mehmed's nickname "Kul Kiran" (slavebreaker) came from his success in crushing the mutiny in Egypt during the early 1600s.
Mustafa Naili Pasha was an Ottoman statesman,who held the office of Grand Vizier twice during the reign of Abdülmecid I,the first time between 14 May 1853 and 29 May 1854,and the second time between 6 August 1857 and 22 October 1857.
Koca Mehmet Ragıp Pasha (1698–1763) was an Ottoman statesman who served as a civil servant before 1744 as the provincial governor of Egypt from 1744 to 1748 and Grand Vizier from 1757 to 1763. He was also known as a poet. His epithet Koca means "great" or "giant" in Turkish.
Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and military commander who also held the office of grand vizier for one year.
Melek Ahmed Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and grand vizier during the reign of Mehmed IV.
Ivaz Mehmed Pasha,also known as HacıIvaz Mehmed Pasha or HacıIvazzade Mehmed Pasha,was an 18th-century Ottoman grand vizier and provincial governor.
Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and military leader who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire three times.
Halime Sultan was a consort of Sultan Mehmed III,and the mother of Sultan Mustafa I. The first woman to be Valide Sultan twice and the only to be Valide twice of a same son. She had at least four children with Mehmed:two sons Şehzade Mahmud and Mustafa I,and two daughters,Hatice Sultan and Şah Sultan. She was de facto co-ruler as Valide Sultan from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618 and from 19 May 1622 to 10 September 1623,because her son was mentally instable. Halime was also one of the prominent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women.
Abdullah Pasha may refer to:
Gevherhan Sultan was an Ottoman princess,the daughter of Sultan Selim II and his favorite Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem Sultan,sister of Sultan Murad III and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III.
Ayşe Sultan,also called Küçuk Ayşe,was an Ottoman princess,the daughter of Sultan Ahmed III and his consort Musli Emine Kadın.
Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha was an Ottoman grand vizier. His epithet Köse means "beardless". He was also known as Çorlulu Bahir Mustafa Pasha referring to his home town Çorlu. Before being grand vizier he was an imrahor.
Hatice Sultan was an Ottoman princess,the daughter of Mehmed IV,and his Haseki Emetullah Rabia GülnuşSultan. She was the sister of Sultans Mustafa II and Ahmed III.
Mihrimah Sultan was an Ottoman princess,daughter of Sultan Murad III and Safiye Sultan,and sister of Sultan Mehmed III of the Ottoman Empire.
References
- ↑ Ayhan Buz: Osmanlı sadrazamları, Neden Kitap, İstanbul, 2009 ISBN 978-975-254-278-5, pp 243-244
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