Bayezid II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain after the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.
Mehmed I, also known as Mehmed Çelebi or Kirişçi, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. The fourth son of Sultan Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun, he fought with his brothers over control of the Ottoman realm in the Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413). Starting from the province of Rûm he managed to bring first Anatolia and then the European territories (Rumelia) under his control, reuniting the Ottoman state by 1413, and ruling it until his death in 1421. Called "The Restorer," he reestablished central authority in Anatolia, and he expanded the Ottoman presence in Europe by the conquest of Wallachia in 1415. Venice destroyed his fleet off Gallipoli in 1416 as the Ottomans lost a naval war.
Mustafa I, called Mustafa the Saint during his second reign, and called Mustafa the Mad by historians, was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618, and from 20 May 1622 to 10 September 1623. He was the son of sultan Mehmed III and Halime Sultan.
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha was an Ottoman nobleman, military figure and Grand Vizier of Turkish origin, who was a central character in the Ottoman Empire's last attempts at expansion into both Central and Eastern Europe.
Mehmed V Reşâd was the penultimate sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Mehmed V reigned as a constitutional monarch, interfering little when it came to government affairs, though the constitution was held with little regard by his ministries. The first half of his reign was marked by contentious politicking between factions of the Young Turks, and the second half by war and domination of the Committee of Union and Progress and the Three Pashas.
Zaganos or Zagan Pasha was an Albanian Ottoman military commander, with the titles and ranks of kapudan pasha and the highest military rank, grand vizier, during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror". Originally a Christian, who was conscripted and converted through the devşirme system, he became a Muslim and rose through the ranks of the janissaries. He became one of the prominent military commanders of Mehmed II and a lala – the sultan's advisor, mentor, tutor, councillor, protector, all at once. He removed his rival, the previous Grand Vizier Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger, amid the fall of Constantinople. He later served as the governor of Thessaly of Macedonia.
Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi Efendi, also Mehmed Efendi, was an Ottoman statesman who was delegated as ambassador by the Sultan Ahmed III to Louis XV's France in 1720. He is remembered for his account of his embassy mission.
Ahmed Resmî Efendi, also called by some Arabic sources as Ahmed bin İbrahim Giridî, was an Ottoman Greek statesman, diplomat and author of the late 18th century. In international relations terms, his most important - and unfortunate - task was to act as the chief of the Ottoman delegation during the negotiations and the signature of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. In the literary domain, he is remembered for various works among which his sefâretnâme recounting his embassies in Berlin and Vienna occupy a prominent place. He was Turkey's first ever ambassador in Berlin.
Kozbekçi Mustafa Ağa, known as Mustapha Aga in Sweden, was an Ottoman ambassador to the Swedish court in 1727. One of his missions was to obtain a repayment of a royal debt which had been incurred by Charles XII of Sweden, but he failed in his mission. He was painted smoking nargile by George Engelhardt Schroeder (1684–1750).
Jacques-André-Joseph Aved, also called le Camelot and Avet le Batave, was a French painter of the 18th century and one of the main French Rococo portraitists. He painted among others the Ottoman Empire ambassador to France in 1742, Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Efendi.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Ottoman Empire:
Bayezid Pasha or Beyazid Pasha was an Ottoman Albanian statesman who served as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. He was the first Albanian and first Muslim from Balkans to become Grand Vizier of the Ottoman state.
Melek Ahmed Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and grand vizier during the reign of Mehmed IV.
Gabriel (Kapriel) Efendi Noradunkyan was an Ottoman Armenian statesman and bureaucrat. He served as the Minister of Trade in 1908 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ottoman Empire from July 22, 1912 to January 23, 1913 during the reign of Mehmed V and the prime ministership of Ahmed Muhtar Pasha and Kâmil Pasha.
Fatma Sultan was an Ottoman princess. She was the daughter of Sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan, sister of Murad IV and Ibrahim, and the paternal aunt of Mehmed IV. She is known for her many political marriages.
Fatma Sultan, was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Ahmed III and his BaşKadin Emetullah Kadın. She was politically active and influential on the affairs of state during the late Tulip era (1703–1730).
Sa'dabad Pavilion was a royal Ottoman complex located in the present day Kağıthane district of Istanbul. Built by Grand Vizir İbrahim Paşa during the reign of Ahmed III, the pavilion embodied the period of Ottoman royal indulgence known as the Tulip period. The pavilion no longer exists today after having been mostly destroyed in 1730.
Fatma Müge Göçek is a Turkish sociologist and professor at the University of Michigan. She wrote the book Denial of Violence in 2015 concerning the prosectution of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, for which she received the Mary Douglas award for best book from the American Sociological Association. In 2017, she won a Distinguished Faculty Achievement Award from the university.
Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009 is a 2015 book by Turkish sociologist Fatma Müge Göçek which deals with the denial, justification, and rationalization of state-sponsored violence against Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century, focusing especially on the Armenian genocide and its persistent denial in Turkey. Among the arguments made in the book is that the Armenian genocide was an act of foundational violence that enabled the creation of the Republic of Turkey and its continuing denial is an ideological foundation of the Turkish nation-state. The book was praised by reviewers for its extensive research and methodological innovation, although some noted that it was dense and not easy to read for those not familiar with the topic.
