Nanorana liebigii

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Nanorana liebigii
Nanorana liebigii (dorsolateral view) from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal.jpg
Nanorana liebigii from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dicroglossidae
Genus: Nanorana
Species:
N. liebigii
Binomial name
Nanorana liebigii
(Günther, 1860)
Synonyms [2]

Megalophrys gigas Blyth, 1855 "1854"– preoccupied by Rana gigas Walbaum, 1784
Rana liebigiiGünther, 1860
Paa liebigii(Günther, 1860)
Chaparana liebigii(Günther, 1860)

Contents

Nanorana liebigii, also known as Sikkim paa frog, Liebig's paa frog, Liebig's frog, and spiny-armed frog, is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in the Himalayas, specifically in Bhutan, southern Tibet (China), northern India, and Nepal. [2] The specific name liebigii honours a certain "Dr von Liebig Jr.", likely referring to Justus von Liebig, German botanist and chemist. [3]

Description

Nanorana liebigii are relatively large frogs: adult males measure 67–103 mm (2.6–4.1 in) and adult females 90–118 mm (3.5–4.6 in) in snout–vent length. The body is stocky. The head is wider than it is long, and the snout is rounded. The tympanum is faintly visible. The toes are fully webbed. Skin is rough with scattered warts on the back and sides. [4]

Tadpoles have long tail that is twice as long as the body, for maximum total length of about 82 mm (3.2 in). [5]

Habitat and conservation

Eggmass deposited in a stream Nanorana liebigii eggmass (2) from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal.jpg
Eggmass deposited in a stream
Tadpole undergoing metamorphosis Nanorana liebigii tadpole from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal.jpg
Tadpole undergoing metamorphosis

Nanorana liebigii is found in stream habitats in high-altitude shrubland at elevations of 1,500–3,500 m (4,900–11,500 ft) above sea level. [1] [5] Breeding takes place in streams, and the eggs are deposited in water under stones. [1] Eggs clutches contain some 80–140 white eggs. Males have been reported to guard the eggs, but this behavior is not ubiquitous. [5]

Nanorana liebigii is common in parts of its range, but is considered rare in Tibet. It is locally threatened by habitat loss caused by clearance of shrubland and changes in waterway management, such as dam construction. [1] Furthermore, in Nepal, Nanorana liebigii is collected for human consumption, and is also alleged to have therapeutic benefits; this practice can lead to local depletion. [5] It is present in some protected areas, including the Yadong National Nature Reserve (Tibet), Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve (India), [1] and Manaslu Conservation Area (Nepal). [5] Nanorana liebigii is a protected species in India. [1]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Nanorana pleskei</i> Species of amphibian

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<i>Nanorana blanfordii</i> Species of amphibian

Nanorana blanfordii is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in northeastern India, southern Tibet (China), and eastern Nepal, and likely in the adjacent western Bhutan. The specific name blanfordii honours William Thomas Blandford, a British geologist and zoologist.

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<i>Nanorana conaensis</i> Species of amphibian

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<i>Nanorana feae</i> Species of amphibian

Nanorana feae is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in Yunnan, China, and the Kachin Hills in Myanmar. The specific name feae honors Leonardo Fea, an Italian explorer, zoologist, and naturalist. This little-known species probably inhabits hill streams in forested areas.

Nanorana medogensis is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Tibet, China, and only known from near its type locality in Mêdog County in southeastern Tibet, near the Indian border. It lives in forested streams, and is sometimes also found at the edges of pools and ponds.

Nanorana polunini is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in Nyalam County in southern Tibet (China), Nepal, and possibly Kashmir (India). It is a common species in Nepal but rare in China. It lives in stream habitats in montane forest.

Nanorana rarica is a frog species in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to western Nepal. Its type locality is the eponymous Rara Lake located in the Rara National Park.

Nanorana yunnanensis, commonly known as Yunnan paa frog, Yunnan spiny frog, Bourret's paa frog or Bourret's frog, is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in southwestern China, Vietnam, Myanmar, northern Thailand, and likely in the intervening Laos. Its natural habitats are small and large streams in montane forests, scrub vegetation and grasslands, and it has also been found in ditches. It is threatened primarily by collection for human consumption, but also by habitat loss caused by agricultural development and infrastructure development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manaslu Conservation Area</span>

The Manaslu Conservation Area is a protected area in Nepal. Established in 1998, it covers 1,663 km2 (642 sq mi) in the Mansiri Himal range of the Himalayas in the Gorkha District. The area comprises mountains, glaciers, and watercourses. In elevation, the area ranges from 1,400 to 8,156 

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fei Liang, Michael Wai Neng Lau, Sushil Dutta, Tej Kumar Shrestha, Mohini Mohan Borah (2004). "Nanorana liebigii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T58428A11780058. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58428A11780058.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Nanorana liebigii (Günther, 1860)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  3. ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 125. ISBN   978-1-907807-42-8.
  4. ↑ "Nanorana liebigii (Günther, 1860)". AmphibiaChina (in Chinese). Kunming Institute of Zoology. 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Shrestha, B. & Gurung, M. B. (2019). "Natural history notes on three sympatric frogs, Amolops formosus (Günther 1875), Nanorana liebigii (Günther 1860), and Ombrana sikimensis (Jerdon 1870), from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal" (PDF). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 13 (2): 152–159.
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