Napoleon's penis was allegedly amputated during an autopsy shortly after Napoleon's death in 1821. Since then it has passed through several owners, including A. S. W. Rosenbach, who exhibited it in New York City in 1927. It was purchased by John K. Lattimer in 1977, and is still held in his family, who keeps it as a private item. It was described as similar to a "piece of leather or a shriveled eel". [1]
Napoleon was exiled to Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean after losing the Battle of Waterloo. [2] He died on the isle on May 5, 1821. [3] After his death, an autopsy was conducted and some have claimed that Francesco Antommarchi, the doctor conducting the autopsy, cut his penis off, [2] [4] along with several other body parts. [5] It is unclear whether the cut was intentional or accidental. [3] Some state that Antommarchi may have been bribed to cut it off by Napoleon's chaplain as revenge for Napoleon calling him "impotent". [6] Napoleon's biographer, Philip Dwyer, calls the claim that Antommarchi cut off the penis "highly fanciful." [7]
The alleged penis passed into the possession of Napoleon's chaplain, who smuggled it out of St. Helena to his home on Corsica. It remained in the priest's family until 1916 [1] [8] when Maggs Bros. Ltd., a bookselling company based in London, [3] purchased it. In 1924, A. S. W. Rosenbach, a Philadelphia-based bookseller, purchased it. [2] [4] [5] [9]
The penis went on display in 1927 at New York City's Museum of French Art. A reviewer present at the exhibition from Time described it as similar to a "maltreated strip of buckskin shoelace." [10] Others present considered it to look like a "piece of leather or a shriveled eel". [1] Rosenbach sold the item to a collector named Donald Hyde, whose wife gave it to John F. Fleming after Hyde's death. Fleming was a bookseller who had been close to Rosenbach. Another collector purchased it and attempted unsuccessfully to sell the penis at an auction through Christie's. [3] After the auction, James Comyn was reading an affidavit about Eric LeVine, a collector of items relating to Napoleon, and instead of calling the item a "penis" euphemistically referred to it as a "certain part". [11] A urologist and artifact collector named John K. Lattimer purchased the item in 1977 for $3,000 (equivalent to $15,084in 2023) and it is currently owned by his daughter. She has been offered at least $100,000 for it. [2] [4] [5] [10]
The preserved penis was described by Judith Pascoe in The New York Times as "barely recognizable as a human body part" and its authenticity is unclear. [8] [5] A documentary that aired on Channel 4, Dead Famous DNA, described it as "very small" and measured it to be 1.0 inch (2.5 cm). [4] It is not known what size it was during Napoleon's lifetime. The item's current owner has allowed ten people to see it and it has never been recorded on camera. [4]
Napoleon Bonaparte, later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French emperor and military commander who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then of the French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and briefly again in 1815. His political and cultural legacy endures as a celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many enduring reforms, but has been criticized for his authoritarian rule. He is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history and his wars and campaigns are still studied at military schools worldwide. However, historians still debate the degree to which he was responsible for the Napoleonic Wars, in which between three and six million people died.
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Maggs Bros. Ltd. is one of the longest-established antiquarian booksellers in the world, established in 1853 by Uriah Maggs, born c. 1828 in Midsomer Norton, Somerset. All four of Uriah's sons eventually joined the business, taking over on his retirement in 1894.
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