| Neckera | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Neckera pennata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Bryidae |
| Order: | Hypnales |
| Family: | Neckeraceae |
| Genus: | Neckera Hedw. |
| Species | |
See text. | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Neckera is a large genus of mosses belonging to the family Neckeraceae. [1] The genus was first described by Johann Hedwig. [1] The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. [1]
Medium-sized to large mosses that form shelf growth forms. They are light to dark green in colour, or sometimes yellowish. They tend to be shiny. [2]
The creeping stems are irregularly branched. Paraphyllia (the trichome-like or foliose structures on moss stem surfaces [3] ) may be present or absent. [2]
The secondary stem and branch leaves range from erect to spreading. The leaf like structures may be secund (on one side only), ovate (oval shaped), obovate (narrower edge at the base), oblong (elongated), oblong-ligulate (long and strap-shaped), or oblong-lanceolate (long and lance shaped). They may be asymmetric or flat or strongly undulate (wavy edged). [2] The margins are entire to serrate with recurved teeth. The apex is obtuse to acuminate and the costa (midrib) double and short, or sometimes single or absent. The basal laminal cells are linear to rectangular. The walls may or may not be pitted. [2]
The seta range from 0.1–1.2 cm (0.039–0.472 in) in length. The capsules are cylindric, oblong, or globose. The exostome teeth are lanceolate and smooth to densely papillose. They somewhat cross striate basally. The endostome basal membrane is low to high. The segments are smooth to densely papillose. The surrounding perichaetial inner leaves (modified leaves surrounding the sex organs or later the seta) are oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-subulate. [2]
Plants are autoicous (male and female reproductive structures on the same plant but on separate branches) or dioicous (male and female reproductive structures on separate plants). [2] The spores are 12-39 μm in size. [2]
The following species are recognised: [2]
Funaria is a genus of approximately 210 species of moss. Funaria hygrometrica is the most common species. Funaria hygrometrica is called “cord moss” because of the twisted seta which is very hygroscopic and untwists when moist. The name is derived from the Latin word “funis”, meaning "a rope". In funaria root like structures called rhizoids are present.
Dicranum is a genus of mosses, also called wind-blown mosses or fork mosses. These mosses form in densely packed clumps. Stems may fork, but do not branch. In general, upright stems will be single but packed together. Dicranum is distributed globally. In North America these are commonly found in Jack pine or Red pine stands.
Gymnostomum is a genus of bryophyte in family Pottiaceae. It was first described by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck and Christian Friedrich Hornschuch
Lepidopilum is a genus of moss in family Pilotrichaceae. There are over 200 species in the genus.
Neckeropsis is a genus of plant in the family Neckeraceae.
Grimmia is a genus of mosses (Bryophyta), originally named by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart in honour of Johann Friedrich Carl Grimm, a physician and botanist from Gotha, Germany.
Ditrichum is a genus of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Ditrichaceae.
Schistidium is a plant genus in the moss family Grimmiaceae.
Hypopterygium is a genus of moss in the family Hypopterygiaceae. It contains the following species:
Campylopus is a genus of 180 species of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Leucobryaceae. The name comes from the Greek campylos, meaning curved, and pous, meaning foot, referring to the setae which curve downwards.
Thuidium is a genus of moss in the family Thuidiaceae. The name comes from the genus Thuja and the Latin suffix -idium, meaning diminutive. This is due to its resemblance to small cedar trees.
Leucobryum is a genus of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Leucobryaceae. The name comes from the Greek leukos, meaning white, and bryon, meaning moss.
Didymodon is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Rhynchostegium is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate regions. The genus contains both aquatic and terrestrial species. The genus was named for their rostrate opercula. The type species of this genus is Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp.
Isothecium is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Lembophyllaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Trichostomum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae.
Rhodobryum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Bryaceae.
Pylaisia is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pylaisiaceae.
Ptychostomum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Bryaceae. It has an almost cosmopolitan distribution.