Dolichothele is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae found in Brazil and Bolivia. It was first described in 1923 by Mello-Leitão.
Theraphosa is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. The Theraphosa spiders are some of the largest known to science. As of May 2020 it contains three species, found in Guyana, Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia. They stridulate by rubbing setae on their pedipalps and legs.
Hindumanes is a genus of jumping spiders found in India. It was first described by Dmitri Logunov in 2004. The name Hindumanes is a portmanteau of "Hinduism", the dominant religion of India, and Lyssomanes, the genus H. karnatakaensis was initially assigned to. As of May 2024, two species have been described:
Maratus is a spider genus of the family Salticidae. These spiders are commonly referred to as peacock spiders due to the males' colorful and usually iridescent patterns on the upper surface of the abdomen often enhanced with lateral flaps or bristles, which they display during courtship. Females lack these bright colors, being cryptic in appearance. In at least one species, Maratus vespertilio, the expansion of the flaps also occurs during ritualised contests between males. The male display and courtship dance are complex, involving visual and vibratory signals.
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. As of December 2023, 1,100 species have been identified, with 166 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Idiops is a genus of armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by Josef Anton Maximilian Perty in 1833. It is the type genus of the spurred trapdoor spiders, Idiopidae. Idiops is also the most species-rich genus of the family, and is found at widely separated locations in the Neotropics, Afrotropics, Indomalaya and the Middle East. Females live in tubular burrows lined with a thick layer of white silk. These typically have a D-shaped lid that fits into the entrance like a cork, and some burrows have two entrances. The lid may consist of mud, moss or lichen, which is bound below by a thick layer of silk. As in all genera of this family, the anterior lateral eyes (ALE) are situated near the clypeal margin, far in front of the remaining six eyes, which are arranged in a tight group. The males which are smaller in size, wander about or occasionally live in burrows. Like other mygalomorphs, they are relatively large and long-lived. Forest clearance and agricultural practices that loosen the soil and enhance erosion, besides soil removal for brick making have been pointed out as serious threats to some Indian species. Species ranges are poorly known – in India for instance, most species are known only from their type localities.
Sickius is a genus of tarantulas. It has a single species, Sickius longibulbi. It is endemic to Brazil.
The Ischnocolinae are a problematic subfamily of tarantulas. In 1892, Eugène Simon based the group, which he noted was only weakly homogeneous, on the presence of divided tarsal scopulae. This feature was later considered to be plesiomorphic, and both morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that, as traditionally circumscribed, the subfamily is not monophyletic. A much more narrowly defined Ischnocolinae sensu stricto was proposed in 2014. One of the authors of that proposal subsequently said that no further taxonomic changes should be considered until there had been a more comprehensive sampling of the subfamily. As of January 2021, the status of the Ischnocolinae remains unresolved.
Neoholothele incei is a species of tarantula from Trinidad and Venezuela, commonly called the Trinidad olive tarantula. When mature, the species has a leg-span exceeding 5–7.5 cm (2.0–3.0 in). As often the case with tarantulas, the females live longer than males, with the former living up to 7 years compared to the 2 years that males can expect to reach. N. incei is a bird spider and is fossorial. It is commonly kept as a pet as it is easy to breed. Rarely for tarantulas, N. incei is known to live communally and cannibalism is rare except for times of extreme hunger. Like most New World species, the venom of N. incei is considered to be mild and comparable to a bee sting, however no research has confirmed this.
Catumiri is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by J. P. L. Guadanucci in 2004. The name is derived from the Tupi "Catumiri", meaning "very small".
Ischnocolus is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. This tarantula genus includes some of the smallest in the family.
Tmesiphantes is a genus of Brazilian tarantulas in the subfamily Theraphosinae that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. The genera Magulla and Melloleitaoina were brought into synonymy in 2019.
Guyruita is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by J. P. L. Guadanucci in 2007.
Hapalopus is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1875.
Schismatothele is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1879.
Euthycaelus is a genus of tarantula. It was first described in 1889 by Simon, and is found through Central and South America.
Cosmophasis gemmans is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. Only the male has been described. The type specimen is deposited at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. These spiders are typically found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
Spinosatibiapalpus is a genus of tarantulas erected by Gabriel and Sherwood in 2020 for a newly discovered species and two other previously described species bearing a unique palpal bulb morphology. The name is a reference to the spines found on the fourth section of the pedipalp in adult males. This distinctive feature was also found in Pseudhapalopus species, but because it is never mentioned in the original description of that genus, Gabriel and Sherwood called into question the validity of Pseudohapalopus, and moved all its species except P. aculeatus, known only from a single male found in Bolivia in 1907. It is impossible to place P. aculeatus because the holotype was destroyed when the museum housing it was bombed during World War II, and it has been declared as nomen dubium.
Yanomamius is a genus of South American tarantulas first erected by Rogério Bertani and M. Q. Almeida in 2021 for two newly discovered species and one previously described species from Brazil. In one of Bertani's prior studies, he investigated a tarantula collected by the Yanomami as a source of food. Based on the limited material available for study the species was placed into Holothele. The next year, it was moved to newly erected genus Guyruita due, in part, to the multi-lobed shape of its spermathecae. When the first male was found and described, the diagnostic characteristics didn't match that of Holothele or Guyruita, so a new genus was erected for Y. waikoshiemi and three other closely related species.
