Neolamprologus multifasciatus is one of the small shell-dwelling cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika. The male reaches 5 cm (2 in) in length, and the female only 2.5 cm (1 in) in the aquarium. In the wild, they reach only 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in standard length of male and female reaches less than 2.2 centimetres (0.87 in) in standard length. This makes them one of the smallest cichlid species in the world. Its natural habitat is the Neothauma shell beds of Lake Tanganyika, where it forms huge colonies with thousands of individuals. Their unique behavior is associated with their affinity to shells. They burrow sand to move shells, take refuge in shells and also breed in them. They have pale white coloring with black vertical bars running the length of their bodies. The species is sexually monomorphic, meaning sexing individuals is extremely hard or impossible based on external appearance alone.
Lepidiolamprologus boulengeri is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is known from the Tanzanian coast in the northern part of the lake. Pairs of this species live together in their territory and the female lives in snail shells in a pit that they have dug in the sand. This species can reach a length of 6.2 centimetres (2.4 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus caudopunctatus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika, where it occurs along the Zambian shores.
Neolamprologus christyi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This species can reach a length of 13.7 centimetres (5.4 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. This cichlid's specific name honours the British naturalist and explorer Cuthbert Christy (1863-1932) who worked for the Belgian Governemant and who collected the type in either 1926 or 1927.
Neolamprologus crassus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it can be found in the southwestern part of the lake, in the waters of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. Some authorities regard this taxon as a synonym of Neolamprologus pulcher.
Neolamprologus falcicula is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known from the waters off Burundi. This species can reach a length of 8.1 centimetres (3.2 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus fasciatus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This species spawns in empty snail shells. This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade. They are piscivores and their prey includes the cichlid fish Variabilichromis moorii.
Neolamprologus furcifer is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it prefers to live solitatirily in lightless cracks, crevices, caves, etc. where it feed on other organisms that also dwell in that habitat. This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade, where it is a highly sought-after species.
Neolamprologus gracilis is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is known from Cape Kapampa on the western coast and on the eastern coast from the area of coast below the Mahale Mountains. This species can reach a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL.
Neolamprologus longior is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika and found at Kabogo Point and Kibwe Bay. This species can reach a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus mondabu is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika except for the southern portion where it is replaced by N. modestus. It prefers areas with rocky substrates, moving to areas with sandy substrates to breed. It feeds on the eggs of Lamprichthys tanganicanus. This species can reach a length of 10.7 centimetres (4.2 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus mustax is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This species reaches a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. Individuals are yellow in color and thus resemble juveniles of another cichlid species, Variabilichromis moorii, which may provide N. mustax with greater access to V. moorii feeding territories.
Neolamprologus niger is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only found along the northern shores. It is a crevice-dweller and feeds on molluscs. This species reaches a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus obscurus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known from southern end of the lake where it inhabits crevices. This species reaches a length of 8.2 centimetres (3.2 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus olivaceous is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known from Ruhanga Bay in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL.
Neolamprologus petricola is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known from the shores of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species reaches a length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Neolamprologus prochilus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika, where it is only known to occur in Zambian waters in the southern part of the lake. It is a cave dweller found at depths of from 5 to 40 metres. This species can reach a length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in) TL.
Neolamprologus sexfasciatus is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the southern half of Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. It can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade. It mainly eats snails, and its pharyngeal bones and teeth are adapted to this hard-shelled prey.
Neolamprologus splendens is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is only known to occur around Cape Zongwe in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in) TL.
Neolamprologus tretocephalus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is found in sandy areas in the northern half of the lake. It is a predator on molluscs. This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
