Neutrophil cytosol factor 1, also known as p47phox, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF1 gene. [5]
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1, also known as p47phox, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF1 gene. [5]
The protein encoded by this gene is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme that is activated to produce superoxide anion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with chronic granulomatous disease. [5]
Genetic variability in the NCF1 gene has been found to be related to a higher chance of getting autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. [6]
Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 has been shown to interact with:
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also known as Bridges–Good syndrome, chronic granulomatous disorder, and Quie syndrome, is a diverse group of hereditary diseases in which certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds used to kill certain ingested pathogens. This leads to the formation of granulomas in many organs. CGD affects about 1 in 200,000 people in the United States, with about 20 new cases diagnosed each year.
NADPH oxidase is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms. Human isoforms of the catalytic component of the complex include NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2.
NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), also known as cytochrome b(558) subunit beta or Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOX2 gene. The protein is a superoxide generating enzyme which forms reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Putative neutrophil cytosol factor 1C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF1C gene. It relates to a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil. The Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1C (NCF1C) gene is responsible for encoding the 47 kDA cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase. The NCF1C gene is located near two pseudogenes and when the NCF1C gene recombines with them, the NCF1C gene will inactivate and can lead to chronic granulomatous disease.
Neutrophil cytosol factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF2 gene.
NADPH oxidase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX1 gene.
NADPH oxidase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX4 gene, and is a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases.
Cytochrome b-245 light chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYBA gene involved in superoxide production and phagocytosis.
Moesin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSN gene.
RHO protein GDP dissociation inhibitor of Rho proteins regulates GDP/GTP exchange. The protein plays an important role in the activation of the oxygen superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. This process requires the interaction of membrane-associated cytochrome b559 with 3 cytosolic components: p47-phox, p67-phox and a heterodimer of the small G-protein p21Rac1 and rho GDI. The association of p21rac and GDI inhibits dissociation of GDP from p21rac, thereby maintaining it in an inactive form. The proteins are attached via a lipid tail on p21rac that binds to the hydrophobic region of GDI. Dissociation of these proteins might be mediated by the release of lipids from membranes through the action of phospholipases. The lipids may then compete with the lipid tail on p21rac for the hydrophobic pocket on GDI.
Rac2 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RAC2.
Neutrophil cytosol factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF4 gene.
Dual oxidase 2, also known as DUOX2 or ThOX2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUOX2 gene. Dual oxidase is an enzyme that was first identified in the mammalian thyroid gland. In humans, two isoforms are found; hDUOX1 and hDUOX2. The protein location is not exclusive to thyroid tissue; hDUOX1 is prominent in airway epithelial cells and hDUOX2 in the salivary glands and gastrointestinal tract.
Dual oxidase 1, also known as DUOX1 or ThOX1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DUOX1 gene. DUOX1 was first identified in the mammalian thyroid gland. In humans, two isoforms are found; hDUOX1 and hDUOX2. Human DUOX protein localization is not exclusive to thyroid tissue; hDUOX1 is prominent in airway epithelial cells and hDUOX2 in the salivary glands and gastrointestinal tract.
NADPH oxidase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 5, also known as NOX5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NOX5 gene.
NADPH oxidase organizer 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOXO1 gene.
NADPH oxidase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX3 gene.
NADPH oxidase activator 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOXA1 gene.
p22phox Protein, also known as the human neutrophil cytochrome b light chain (CYBA), is an essential component of the membrane-associated enzyme phagocyte NADPH-oxidase This enzyme uses NADH or NADPH as the electron donor for the one electron reduction of oxygen to produce superoxide anion, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a functionally important step for the antimicrobial activity of phagocytic cells. p22phox is also expressed in many other human cells such as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, including those within the coronary arteries. Specific polymorphisms of the CYBA gene have been identified that are associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Edgar Pick is an Israeli immunologist who is Professor Emeritus of Immunology in the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology at the Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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