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Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences. The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Based on the setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or institutional pharmacy. Providing direct patient care in the community of institutional pharmacies is considered clinical pharmacy.
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Hook's Drug Stores was an Indianapolis, Indiana-based drug store chain which was founded in 1900 by John A. Hook. The chain flourished throughout central Indiana for most of the 20th-century.
An independent pharmacy is a retail pharmacy that is not directly affiliated with any chain of pharmacies and is not owned by a publicly traded company. Independent pharmacies are pharmacist-owned, privately held businesses in varying practice settings. They include single-store operations, pharmacist-owned multiple store locations, franchise, compounding, long-term care (LTC), specialty, and supermarket pharmacy operation. Independent pharmacy owners generally have more flexibility to build personalized customer relationships and they strive to differentiate their services from big-chain corporations.
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A veterinary pharmacist is a specially trained pharmacist who dispenses veterinary drugs and supplies or products and advice to owners of companion animals and livestock. In addition, they advise the regulatory bodies and are involved in the formulation of veterinary drugs. Veterinary pharmacy is a field of pharmacy practice, in which veterinary pharmacists may compound medications, fill prescriptions, and manage drug therapies for animals. Veterinary pharmacists are licensed pharmacists who specialize in the distribution of medications for animals.
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The Drug Quality and Security Act is a law that amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs. The bill was written in response to the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that took place in 2012, which killed 64 people. The bill was signed by President Obama on November 27, 2013.
William Procter Jr. was an American pharmacist. He graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1837. He is known for his role in establishing the American Pharmacists Association and his work on the United States Pharmacopeia. He was the author/editor of the first pharmacy textbook published in America. He is generally regarded as the Father of American Pharmacy.
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References
- ↑ Tavernise, Abby Goodnough, Sabrina; Pollack, Andrew (24 October 2012). "With Meningitis Outbreak, a Spotlight on Family Behind Compounding Pharmacy". The New York Times– via NYTimes.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Shira Schoenberg (December 17, 2014). "Fourteen arrested, including owners, for meningitis outbreak tied to New England Compounding Center". The Republican . Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Those arrested include: Owner, president and head pharmacist Barry Cadden; owner and director Greg Conigliaro; national sales director Robert Ronzio; shareholder and director Carla Conigliaro; Conigliaro's husband Doug Conigliaro, who was president of Medical Sales Management, which provided sales and administrative services to New England Compounding Pharmacy; Pharmacists Glenn Chin, Gene Svirskiy, Christopher Leary, Joseph Evanosky, Alla Stepanets, Kathy Chin and Michelle Thomas; Pharmacy technician Scott Connolly; and Pharmacy technician and later director of operations Sharon Carter.
- ↑ Laura Strickler (October 16, 2012). "Inside the New England Compounding Center". CBS News . Retrieved December 19, 2014.
The New England Compounding Center was founded by brothers-in-law Greg Conigliaro and Barry Cadden.[5] The owners are Carla R. Conigliaro, Barry J. Cadden, Lisa M. Conigliaro and Gregory A. Conigliaro., according to public records from the Secretary of Commonwealth.
- ↑ "NECC sterility pharmacist arrested". The Tennessean .
- ↑ Abby Goodnough, Sabrine Tavernise and Andrew Pollack (October 24, 2012). "Spotlight Put on Founders of Drug Firm in Outbreak". The New York Times . Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Since the national outbreak began in September, most of the scrutiny has been focused on two founders of New England Compounding, Gregory Conigliaro, an entrepreneur who has run a major recycling operation for two decades, and Mr. Cadden, the pharmacist who married Mr. Conigliaro's sister Lisa, also a pharmacist.
- ↑ - Brian E. Dickerson, Anthony J. Calamunci, Nicole Hughes Waid, Amy L. Butler and Katy Wane (30 June 2017). "Pharmacist at Center of 2012 Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Sentenced to 9 Years in Prison". Fisher Broyles LLP. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Investors buying compounders: Drug shortages are persisting, leading to the deals, by Jaimy Lee, Modern Healthcare, January 13, 2013.
- ↑ Barry Cadden, Gregory Conigliaro, Of New England Compounding Center, Had Background In Recycling, by Jay Lindsay, Associated Press, October 13, 2012.
- ↑ "Scant Oversight of Drug Maker in Fatal Meningitis Outbreak", Denise Grady; Andrew Pollack; Sabrina Tavernisd, The New York Times , October 6, 2012
- ↑ "New England Compounding Center, Pharmacy Linked To Meningitis Outbreak, Files For Bankruptcy". The Huffington Post . December 21, 2012.
- ↑ Meningitis-linked pharmacy owners got millions: filing, by Tim McGlaughlin, Reuters, January 22, 2013.