Newcastle University Boat Club

Last updated

Newcastle University Boat Club
Newcastle University Boat Club Blade.svg
Location Newburn
Home water River Tyne
Founded1911 (1911)
Affiliations British Rowing boat code NEW
BUCS
Website newcastlerowing.com
Events
Northumbrian University Boat Race
Notable members
Ed Coode, Alastair Heathcote, Henry Pelly, Fred Gill, James Rudkin, Emily Ford, Tom Ford, Lola Anderson, Will Stewart
Newcastle University Boat Club
Medal record
Rowing
Olympic Games
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2024 ParisM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2024 ParisW4x Lola Anderson
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg2004 Athens M4- Ed Coode
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg2008 Beijing M8+ Alastair Heathcote
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2024 ParisW8+ Emily Ford
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2020 TokyoM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
World Championships
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg2023 Belgrade M8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg2022 Racice M8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg2022 Racice M4- Will Stewart
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg2001 Lucerne M4- Ed Coode
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg1999 St Catherines M4- Ed Coode
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg2010 Karapiro LTAMix4+ Kate Jones
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg2023 Belgrade W4x Lola Anderson
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg2022 Racice W4x Lola Anderson
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2019 LinzM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2018 PlovdivM8+ James Rudkin
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2018 PlovdivM4- Tom Ford
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg2007 Munich M8+ Alastair Heathcote
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg2003 Milan M8+ Ed Coode
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg1997 Aiguebelette M4+ Ed Coode
European Championships
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2024 SzegedM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2024 SzegedW4x Lola Anderson
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2023 BledM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2022 MunichM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2022 MunichM4- Will Stewart
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2022 MunichW4x Lola Anderson
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2021 VareseM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2023 SzegedW8+ Emily Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2023 BledW8+ Emily Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2022 MunichW8+ Emily Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2022 MunichW2- Emily Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2019 LucerneM8+ James Rudkin, Tom Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2018 GlasgowM4- Tom Ford
World U23 Championships
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2024 St CatherinesW2- Holly Youd
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2022 VareseM4+ Bruce Turnell
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2019 SarasotaM8+ Will Stewart
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2019 SarasotaW4x Lola Anderson
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2016 Rotterdam LM4x Ollie Varley
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2000 Copenhagen W2- Ros Carslake
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2022 VareseW8+ Samuel Shuker
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2019 SarasotaM4+ Cormac Molloy
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2018 Poznan M8+ Will Stewart
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2016 Rotterdam W8+ Sasha Adwani
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2016 Rotterdam W8+ Emily Ford
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2016 Rotterdam M4- James Rudkin
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2014 Varese W8+ Nicole Lamb
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2013 Linz W8+ Nicole Lamb
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2005 Amsterdam LM4x Stephen Feeney
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 1996 Hazewinkel M4+ Ed Coode
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2015 Plodviv W8+ Nicole Lamb
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2015 Plodviv W4- Emily Ford
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2013 Linz LW4x Gemma Hall
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2012 Trakai M4- George Rossiter
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2011 Amsterdam M8+ George Rossiter
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2007 Stratchlyde M4+ George Laughton
Representing Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2018 Poznan LM4x Ryan Ballentine
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2019 SarasotaLM4x Ryan Ballentine
European U23 Championships
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2021 Kruszwica M8+ Freddie Allinson
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2023 Krefeld M8+ Ben Brockway
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2017 Kruszwica M8+ Will Stewart, Alex Haynes
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2021 Kruszwica M4+ Bruce Turnell
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2019 IoanninaM8+ Daniel Graham, David Willcox, Freddie Allinson, Freddie Strawson
World University Championships
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2018 Shangaii M8+ James Robson
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2018 Shangaii W8+ Nathasha Harris - White
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2018 Shangaii W4- Nathasha Harris - White
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2016 Poznan M8+ Tim Clarke
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2016 Poznan M4- Oli Knight, Tom Ford
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2014 Gravelines M8+ Sam Arnot, Tim Clarke, Tom Ford, George Rossiter
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2010 Szeged M8+ Henry Pelly, Fred Gill, Stephen Feeney
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2006 Trakai M2x Henry Pelly, George Laughton
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2018 Shangaii W2- Frances Russell
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2014 Gravelines LW2x Gemma Hall
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2012 Kazan M8+ Ed Ford, Tim Clarke
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2014 Gravelines LM4- Nicholas Buckle
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2008 Belgrade M4+ George Laughton
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2008 Belgrade M2- Mason Durant, Fred Gill
Australian Youth Olympics
Representing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2012 Sydney W4- Nicole Lamb
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2013 Sydney W2- Nicole Lamb
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2013 Sydney W8+ Nicole Lamb
Commonwealth Rowing Championships
Representing Flag of England.svg  England
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2014 Strathclyde (Multiple) Gemma Hall
Gold medal icon (G initial).svg 2014 Strathclyde (Multiple) Nicholas Buckle
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2014 Strathclyde (Multiple) Emily Ford
Representing Ulster Banner.svg  Northern Ireland
Silver medal icon (S initial).svg 2006 Stratchlyde M2x Richard Francis

Newcastle University Boat Club (NUBC) is the rowing club of Newcastle University, UK. Established in March 1911 as the boat club for Armstrong College, it celebrated its centenary in 2011, when was also appointed High Performance Programme for heavyweight men and women by British Rowing. In the past 20 years current students and alumni won 60 international vests for GB.

Contents

Training facilities

The club's private training facility in Newburn. The facilities have since been refurbished and an additional boathouse has been built. Newcastle University boathouse aerial.jpg
The club's private training facility in Newburn. The facilities have since been refurbished and an additional boathouse has been built.

The club trains on the River Tyne from a purpose-built boathouse on the south bank of the river in the village of Newburn, five miles upriver from the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne. Built in the 1950s, the boathouse is home to the clubs boats, private single sculls and coaching launches; was redeveloped with work finished in 2011. Rowers have access to 35 km (22 mi) of tidal water, extending from the picturesque parkland around Wylam, through the former industrial heartland of the city to Tynemouth. Whilst most training places place along the Wylam, Newburn and Blaydon stretches of river, extended paddles offers crews the opportunity to row under the famous Tyne Bridge on Newcastle's quayside.

Land training takes place at two sites within the city itself. The club uses the University Sports centre in Newcastle and Sports ground at Longbenton, with Concept2 rowing ergometers, RowPerfect and Concept2 Dyno machines and a fully stocked free weights suite. The club also has use of the university's main sports centre, with access to further rowing machines, weights facilities, fitness suite and sports halls for circuit training. Through the university's performance sports programme, elite rowers get access to free physiotherapy, sports massage, nutritional expertise and strength and conditioning coaching.

Boathouse refurbishment

The club's current boathouse was built in 1953, and by 2009 was in a poor state of repair. Additionally, the growth of the club since 2005 meant that storage space was at a premium and expansion of existing boat racking was essential. In late-2009 the decision was taken by the university to commit £500,000 to a complete refurbishment of the building. When completed, the new facility will have brand new changing/showering facilities, warm-up/stretching area, kitchen and video analysis/meeting room. The existing boat storage area will be refitted with new sliding racks and a dedicated maintenance bay will be created. An additional boat shed has been constructed next to the current building, and it was completed in 2011.

Staff

Newcastle University Boat Club winning the Prince Albert Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta in 2008. Newcastle University Boat Club winning the Prince Albert Challenge Cup in 2008.jpg
Newcastle University Boat Club winning the Prince Albert Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta in 2008.

Italian coach, Angelo Savarino was appointed Head Coach of the club in 2005. Since then he has overseen a remarkable transformation of the club, with highlights including winning the Prince Albert Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta in 2008, 2013 and 2017 and placing seventh at the Head of the River Race. The club has been a consistently strong performer at the British University and Colleges Sport Regatta, placing second overall in 2012. The club also employs women's head coach Alex Leigh, and assistant men's coach Julian Egan-Shuttler. The club also relies on a strong network of experienced volunteer coaches.

History

Founding

In 1904, Armstrong College was founded in Newcastle upon Tyne to teach physical sciences. At this time it was part of Durham University and the boat club – established in March 1911 – held the same status as other Durham colleges and competed in intercollegiate events. One of the first races was against the varsity third crew, who they beat and whose place they subsequently took at Durham Regatta. In 1924, a women's club was established and in 1929, the growing success of the club prompted to construction of a new boathouse on the River Tyne at Stella Haugh, the site of the Battle of Newburn.

The Boat Race of the North

The Boat Race of the North is an annual challenge between the universities of Durham and Newcastle in a similar vein to the more famous Oxbridge Boat Race. It is now in its 15th year (2015). Although the event has been traditionally dominated by Durham, the Newcastle team were the overall winners for the first time in 2009, and retained the trophy since. The event is held annually on the River Tyne in central Newcastle upon Tyne in May and is well supported by local spectators. The event comprises four races: Men's Championship 8, Women's Championship 8, Men's Novice 8 and Women's Novice 8. The overall event winners are the university winning at least three races (a draw, with two races won each, leads to retention of the trophy by the previous year's winner). The 2010 races took place on 9 May. Both universities won two races: the event was therefore drawn and Newcastle retained the trophy. From 2011 to 2014 the event resulted in a forfeit to Newcastle University as Durham University declined to race. The Boat Race was back again in 2015 with Newcastle winning the two Championship events, and Durham the two Novices, with Newcastle retaining the trophy. In 2016, two new events were added: men's and women's reserves, Newcastle winning the two championship and reserve events, and Durham the two Novices. Newcastle won the trophy.

National and international achievements

Prince Albert Challenge Cup Winners 2014 NUBC, Prince Albert Challenge Cup Winners, HenleyRoyal Regatta, 2014.jpg
Prince Albert Challenge Cup Winners 2014

Since 1996 Newcastle students have been competing and medalling at the U23, Senior and University World Championships and other International Competitions such European Universities Championships, Duisburg Regatta, Memorial Paolo d'Aloja Regatta and Essen Regatta, with victories as well in UK at National Championships, Marlow Regatta, pennants in the Head of the River Race and Women's Eights Head of the River Race, wins at Henley Women's Regatta and at Henley Royal Regatta.

The Club won the Victor Ludorum at the British University Sports Association (BUCS) Regatta in 2016 and 2018, having been runners-up in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2012. The 2008 BUCS Regatta saw NUBC winning 4 out of 7 heavyweight events. NUBC came third in V.L. in 2010. In the 2011 BUCS regatta, the Newcastle men were winners in the Championship eight, coxed four and pair, and retained the Championship eight and pair titles in 2012.

Athletes from the club have recently and consistently won medals at World University Championships and U23 World Championships.

Honours

Henley Royal Regatta (HRR) and Henley Women's Regatta (HWR) Wins

Event [1] RegattaWinning YearWinning Crew
Championship Quadruple Sculls. The Borne Cup.HWR2018N. Lamb, A. Bowman, L. Anderson, F. Russell
Championship Lightweight Single Sculls. The George Innes Cup.HWR2018F. Chestnutt,
The Prince Albert Challenge Cup HRR2017W.New, A.Haynes, J.Robson, W.Stewart, A.Turner cox
Senior Coxless Fours. The Frank Harry V Cup.HWR2017E. Ford, L. Anderson, F. Russell, N. Lamb
Academic Eights. The Colgan Foundation CupHWR2017K. Woolley, L. Knight, K. Eccles, A. van der Braak, C. Dobson, S. Denton-Chandler, P. Truett, L. Stanhope, C. Hill cox
Academic Eights The Sharp CupHWR2016H.Roddy, L.Davis, I. Leigh, H. Brackenbury, C.Browne, R.Bennewith, B.Mullan, R.Price, E.Wood cox
Elite Coxless Fours The Avril Vellacott CupHWR2015E.Ford (composite crew)
The Prince Albert Challenge Cup HRR2014J.Holst, T.Ford, J.Rudkin, S.Arnot, C.McRoberts cox
Elite Lightweight Quad Sculls The Rankine TrophyHWR2014G.Hall (composite crew)
Senior Coxed Fours The Frank Harry CupHWR2013N.Lamb, N.Hardy, N. Hardy, R.Rust, L.Dobson cox
Elite Quad Sculls The Borne CupHWR2013G.Hall (composite crew)
Elite Lightweight Quad Sculls The Rankine TrophyHWR2013G.Hall (composite crew)
Senior Eights The GP Jeffreis CupHWR2012N.Lamb, I.Vyvyan, P. Neill, G.Hall, H.Broad, C.Irving, G.Parry, R.Rust, L.Dobson cox
Academic Eights The Pricewaterhouse Coopers CupHWR2009L.Woods, E.Field, R.Skarra, M.Flaate, A.Wilson, A.Hodges, M.Jones-Walters, E.Earp, R.Macphee cox
The Prince Albert Challenge Cup HRR2008N.O'Reilly, M.Wilkojc, M.Durant, F.Gill, C.Johnson cox
Intermediate College Coxed FoursHWR1995R.Ingledew, R.Turner, E.Ogren, J.Maguire, J.Knight cox

National champions

YearWinning crew/s
1997 Men 4+
2000 Women 2-
2007 Women U23 2x [2]
2008 Open U23 1x, Women U23 2x [3]
2009 Open U23 2x, Women U23 1x [4]
2010 Open U23 2x [5]
2011 Open Ltw4-, Open U23 2x [6]
2012 Open Ltw2-, Open 4+ [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

University rowing in the United Kingdom began when it was introduced to Oxford in the late 18th century. The first known race at a university took place at Oxford in 1815 between Brasenose and Jesus and the first inter-university boat race, between Oxford and Cambridge, was rowed on 10 June 1829.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Team Durham</span> Sport organisation of Durham University

Team Durham is a student-run organisation responsible for sport at Durham University. Durham University's sports programme, run by Team Durham, has produced more professional sports people than any other UK university and has twice seen Durham named Times and Sunday Times Sports University of the Year. It has ranked in the top three institutions in British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) every season since 2011–12. Eight Team Durham alumni or current athletes have won nine Olympic and Paralympic medals since 1996.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University College Boat Club (Durham)</span>

University College Boat Club (UCBC) is the rowing club of University College at Durham University in north-east England, with over 100 members, a large boathouse and a fleet of boats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Boat Race of the North</span>

The Boat Race of the North is an annual rowing event between the boat clubs of Durham and Newcastle universities in England. The event is usually staged on the River Tyne in Newcastle, although the 2018 race was held on the River Wear in Durham.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durham University Boat Club</span> British rowing club

Durham University Boat Club (DUBC) is the rowing club of Durham University. In recent years, DUBC has cemented itself as one of the strongest university boat clubs in Great Britain. Under the leadership of former British Olympian Wade Hall-Craggs, DUBC notably won the BUCS Victor Ludorum for ten consecutive years (2004-2013), and has produced a number of athletes that have competed internationally at European and World Championship level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trevelyan College Boat Club</span>

Trevelyan College Boat Club (TCBC) is the boat club of Trevelyan College, at Durham University in England. An active north eastern rowing club, it competes on a national level, for example at Henley Royal Regatta and the Head of the River Race. The club runs under the leadership of a structured executive committee and benefits from an annual intake of around thirty novice rowers each year. The club was founded officially in 1976, although there was a history of rowing at the college earlier, with the first boat bought in 1966. It is recorded that an all fresher crew won the Ladies Invitation Race at the university Epiphany Term regatta in 1967.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Nottingham Boat Club</span>

University of Nottingham Boat Club (UoNBC) is the rowing club of the University of Nottingham based in the UK on the River Trent. Founded in 1892, the club has over 120 current active members, equally split between men’s, women’s and novice squads. The club is recognisable by its yellow blades and its green and yellow racing kit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Putney Town Rowing Club</span>

Putney Town Rowing Club (PTRC) is a rowing club on the Tideway, the tidal reach of the River Thames in England. Its official British Rowing registered colours are navy and white.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">City of Cambridge Rowing Club</span> Rowing and sculling club in Cambridge, UK

City of Cambridge Rowing Club (CCRC) is the oldest 'town' rowing and sculling club in Cambridge, UK, and with about 300 members, it has one of the largest active rowing memberships in the region. The club's colours are dark blue, with a band of claret sandwiched between two bands of 'old gold'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York St John University Rowing Club</span> British rowing club

York St. John University Boat Club (YSJBC) has a history beginning in 1852, eleven years after the founding of the institution where it is based. YSJ BC is notable for being the longest standing club of the university and has an affiliation to British Rowing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Cuthbert's Society Boat Club</span>

St Cuthbert's Society Boat Club (SCSBC) is the rowing club of St Cuthbert's Society at Durham University. Founded in the summer of 1893 with the aim of representing St Cuthbert's Society at collegiate level, it is one of the oldest and most distinguished of Durham's collegiate clubs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durham School Boat Club</span>

Durham School Boat Club (DSBC) is a school club offering rowing to students, parents, friends and other local schools. Based at Durham School in the city of Durham, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swansea University Rowing Club</span> Welsh rowing club

The Swansea University Rowing Club (SURC) is the rowing club of Swansea University, Wales, and is situated on the west bank of the River Tawe in Swansea. It is unknown when the club was founded, but was re-founded in 2004. Rowing with SURC is open to all members of Sport Swansea, who provide a nominal level of funding and insurance for all university clubs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lancaster University Boat Club</span> British rowing club

Lancaster University Boat Club (LUBC) is the rowing club of Lancaster University. The club was founded in 1964 with the inception of the university by Sir Harold Parkinson and is the oldest sports club at the university. The club is based in the old Halton railway station and trains on a 3 km stretch of the River Lune, 3 miles north of Lancaster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southampton University Boat Club</span>

Southampton University Boat Club (SUBC) is the rowing club for students of Southampton University. The club has no definite founding date, and although the earliest evidence of the club to be found existed in 1904, it was not registered as a club with British Rowing until 1929. SUBC is a member of the University of Southampton's Student Union, has over 100 active members, and attracts over 80 new members at the start of every academic year. The boathouse is on the River Itchen, a tidal river in Southampton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Warwick Boat Club</span>

The University of Warwick Boat Club is the rowing club of the University of Warwick. The club was founded in 1967 and as of 2019 has over a hundred members. It rows out of a boathouse on a 3.5km stretch of the River Avon, Warwickshire. It caters for all levels of rowers from novices to experienced oarsman. The club regularly attends races throughout the United Kingdom, including Pairs Head, Fours Head, Eights Head, BUCS fours and eights, BUCS Regatta, Marlow Regatta and Henley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of East Anglia Boat Club</span>

The University of East Anglia Boat Club (UEABC) is the rowing club of the University of East Anglia in the UK. It currently has 60 members and rows year round from September to July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxford University Women's Lightweight Rowing Club</span> British rowing club

The Oxford University Women's Lightweight Rowing Club was established in 1984 to represent the University of Oxford in the race against the Cambridge University Boat Club at the Lightweight Boat Races. Throughout the season, the Club races as Tethys Boat Club.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reading University Boat Club</span>

Reading University Boat Club is the rowing club for the University of Reading in the United Kingdom. It is based at a boat house in Christchurch Meadows on the River Thames in the Reading suburb of Caversham. The club has a focus on sculling. It has consistently been one of the more successful university rowing clubs in Britain, including topping the medal table at the BUCS regatta in 2011 and at the BUCS small boats head in 2014 and 2015, as well as wins at Henley Royal Regatta in 1986, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013, and is considered one of the top six university rowing clubs in the UK. A number of former members have competed at the Olympics, including double gold-medallists James Cracknell and Helen Glover. The club has organised the Reading University Head of the River race since 1935.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of York Boat Club</span>

The University of York Boat Club (UYBC) is the rowing club of the University of York. It was founded in 1963 by Richard Miles. The club's boathouse is located along the River Ouse in Fulford, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom.

References

  1. "Past Results". Newcastle Rowing. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  2. "2007 archive of results". Web Archive. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  3. "2008 archive of results". Web Archive. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  4. "2009 archive of results". Web Archive. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  5. "2010 Championships - Results of Sunday Racing". British Rowing Championships. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  6. "2011 Championships - Results of Sunday Racing". British Rowing Championships. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  7. "2012 results". Web Archive. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.

54°58′47″N1°44′37″W / 54.9798°N 1.7436°W / 54.9798; -1.7436