Tyne Bridge

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Tyne Bridge
Tyne Bridge.jpg
Tyne Bridge looking towards The Glasshouse, Gateshead with the since-scrapped Tuxedo Princess moored below. The banner is advertising the 2006 Great North Run
Coordinates 54°58′05″N1°36′22″W / 54.9680°N 1.6060°W / 54.9680; -1.6060
OS grid reference NZ253637
Carries
Crosses River Tyne
Locale Tyneside
Other name(s)New Tyne Bridge [1]
Owner
Maintained by Newcastle–Gateshead Bridges Joint Committee
Preceded by Swing Bridge
Followed by Gateshead Millennium Bridge
Characteristics
Design Through arch bridge
MaterialSteel
Pier constructionCornish granite
Total length389 m (1,276 ft)
Width17 m (56 ft)
Longest span161.8 m (531 ft)
Clearance below 26 m (85 ft)
No. of lanes 4
History
Designer Mott, Hay and Anderson
Constructed by Dorman Long and Co.
Construction startAugust 1925
Construction end25 February 1928
Opened10 October 1928;95 years ago (1928-10-10)
Inaugurated10 October 1928 by King George V
Statistics
Daily traffic approx. 70,000 vehicles
TypeGrade II* listed building
Designated13 January 1983 [1]
Reference no.1248569
Location
Tyne Bridge

The Tyne Bridge is a through arch bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead. The bridge was designed by the engineering firm Mott, Hay and Anderson, [2] who later designed the Forth Road Bridge, and was built by Dorman Long and Co. of Middlesbrough. [3] The bridge was officially opened on 10 October 1928 by King George V and has since become a defining symbol of Tyneside. It is ranked as the tenth tallest structure in Newcastle.

Contents

History of construction

The 1781 stone bridge, with the High Level Bridge in the background, from an 1861 illustration High Level and Low Level bridges - Newcastle - 1861.jpg
The 1781 stone bridge, with the High Level Bridge in the background, from an 1861 illustration
Tyne Bridge viewed from Quayside Side - Tyne Bridge.jpg
Tyne Bridge viewed from Quayside

The earliest bridge across the Tyne, Pons Aelius, was built by the Romans on the site of the present Swing Bridge around 122. [4]

A series of wooden bridges were lost to fire or flood, and plans for a stone bridge were begun in about 1250 with support from local landowners, and the Bishops of Durham, York and Caithness. The stone bridge was constructed but then damaged by flood in 1339. [5] Repairs proved costly and took place in sections: it was not fully repaired, as a part stone and part wooden bridge, until the 16th century [6] and was part destroyed by a great flood in November 1771. [7]

Following this, a new stone bridge was begun after the city council petitioned Parliament. The foundation stone on the north side was laid by Sir Matthew White Ridley on 25 April 1775, with the south side foundation stone laid in 1776. Works were completed by 13 September 1779, at an estimated cost of between £30,000 and £60,000. [6]

Work on a modern bridge started in August 1925, with Dorman Long acting as the building contractors. Despite the dangers of the building work, only one worker, Nathaniel Collins, a father of four and a local scaffolder from South Shields, died in the building of this structure. [8]

The Tyne Bridge was designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson, comparable to their Sydney Harbour Bridge version. [2] [9] These bridges derived their design from the Hell Gate Bridge in New York City. [9] The Dorman Long team was also notable for including Dorothy Buchanan, the first female member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, joining in 1927; in addition to her contribution to the Tyne Bridge, she served as part of the team for the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Lambeth Bridge in London. [10]

The bridge was completed on 25 February 1928, and officially opened on 10 October that year by King George V and Queen Mary, who were the first to use the roadway, travelling in their Ascot Landau. The opening ceremony was attended by 20,000 schoolchildren who had been given the day off. Movietone News recorded the speech given by the King. [11]

The Tyne Bridge's towers were built of Cornish granite and were designed by local architect Robert Burns Dick as warehouses with five storeys. [2] But, the inner floors of the warehouses in the bridge's towers were not completed and, as a result, the storage areas were never used. A lift for passengers and goods was built in the North tower to provide access to the Quayside; it is no longer in use. [12] Although a lift shaft was also included in the South tower no lift was ever installed. [13]

The bridge's design uses a parabolic arch. [9]

The bridge was originally painted green with special paint made by J. Dampney, Tonbridge, Tingate Co. of Gateshead. The same colours were used to paint the bridge in 2000. [14]

Technical information

Total length1,276 feet (389 m)
Length of arch span531 feet (161.8 m)
Rise of arch180 feet (55 m)
Clearance85 feet (26 m)
Height194 feet (59 m)
Width56.0 feet (17.08 m)
Structural Steel7,010 long tons (7,122 t) [15]
Total number of rivets777,124 [16]

History

In 2012, the largest Olympic rings in the UK were erected on the bridge. The rings were manufactured by commercial signage specialists Signmaster ED Ltd of Kelso. The rings were over 25 by 12 metres (82 by 39 ft) and weighed in excess of four tonnes. This was in preparation for Newcastle hosting the Olympic football tournament, and the Olympic torch relay, in which Bear Grylls zipwired from the top of the arch, to Gateshead quayside. [17]

External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Ian Nairn films the Tyne Bridge, 1970. [18]

On 28 June 2012, a large lightning bolt struck the Tyne Bridge. It lit up the roads as the sky was very dark. The bolt, part of a super-cell thunderstorm, came with heavy rain – a month's worth of rainfall in just two hours – causing flash flooding on Tyneside. [19]

In 2015, Newcastle upon Tyne was a host city for the Rugby World Cup. [20] Three matches were played at St James's Park, the home of Newcastle United Football Club. [21] In recognition, a large illuminated sign was erected on Tyne Bridge. [22] Similarly, the bridge was depicted in an official BBC trailer for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup (in reference to Newcastle being one of the host cities). [23]

On 13 November 2017, the Tyne Bridge was the venue for the Freedom on the Tyne finale, the finale of the 2017 Freedom City festival. The festival commemorated Newcastle's civil rights history and the 50 years since Dr Martin Luther King's visit to Newcastle, where King received his honorary degree from Newcastle University. [24] [25] [26]

Newcastle University and Freedom City 2017 wanted to use the Tyne Bridge to symbolically hark back in history to Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama where King was involved in one of the key moments for the struggle for civil rights in 1965. [24] 24 roads around the Tyne Bridge were closed for the day long event. The Freedom of the Tyne event featured the many civil right stories from history. [24] The final event, revolved around the Jarrow Crusade which was described as a memorable closing to the finale. [24]

Maintenance

The bridge had a major refurbishment in 2001. [27]

In June 2022, the Department for Transport and the local government funded the cycled refurbishment of the bridge. The costs increased from £12 million to £32 million during the negotiation period. On 11 September 2023, work began, and estimations calculated the work would take four years. The agreement involved a full repaint of the rusted steelwork. The local governments from Newcastle and Gateshead also contracted work for critical structural repairs, including steel and concrete fixes, bridge joint replacements, drainage improvements, waterproofing and resurfacing, and parapet protection. [28] [27] Work on the main bridge deck started in April 2024, with completion expected in time for the bridge's centenary in 2028. [29]

Grade II* listed by Historic England

On 23 August 2018, the bridge was Grade II* listed by Historic England. The rating means the bridge is a particular important structure of more than special interest. [30] The bridge was upgraded by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport on the advice of Historic England. [31]

The bridge was upgraded to Grade II* for architectural and historical interest, [1] as outlined here:

Architectural interest: A striking steel arch design, at its construction, notable as the largest single-span steel arch bridge on the British Isles; It is a similar prototype design as to that prepared for Sydney Harbour, Australia; the main arch was designed by the eminent civil engineer (Sir) Ralph Freeman; the prototype of a method of construction involving progressive cantilevering, using cables, cradles and cranes, which was also developed for Sydney Harbour, but first tested in Newcastle; its neoclassical and Art Deco towers that are well-detailed and defined; a potent symbol of the character and industrial pride of Tyneside; recognised worldwide for its dramatic design. [32]

Historic interest: it is associated with some of the most distinguished 20th-century civil engineers. One of its engineers being Sir Ralph Freeman, the architect of some of the most impressive bridges in the world. Freeman was a founder of Freeman Fox & Partners, renowned bridge designers worldwide. [32]

Kittiwake colony

The bridge and nearby structures are used as a nesting site by a colony of around 700 pairs of black-legged kittiwakes, the furthest inland in the world. [33] The colony featured in the BBC's Springwatch programme in 2010. [34] Several groups, including the Natural History Society of Northumbria and local Wildlife Trusts, formed a "Tyne Kittiwake Partnership" to safeguard the colony. [35] A proposal for a tower to be built as an alternative nesting site was made in 2011, [36] and in November 2015 a neighbouring hotel submitted a planning application for measures to discourage the birds. [37]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Historic England. "Tyne Bridge (Grade II*) (1248569)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 Elwall, Robert. "Tyne Bridge". British Architectural Library. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  3. ↑ "Dorman Long Historical Information". dormanlongtechnology.com. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  4. ↑ "Pons Aelius - 'The Aelian Bridge'". roman-britain.co.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  5. ↑ "Public buildings: The Tyne Bridge | British History Online".
  6. 1 2 Mackenzie, Eneas (1827). Public buildings: The Tyne Bridge. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Mackenzie and Dent. pp. 204–215. Retrieved 24 July 2020– via British History Online.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "Newcastle". Newcastle Courant. 23 November 1771. p. 2.
  8. ↑ Butcher, Joanne (1 March 2013). "85 years of the Tyne Bridge". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 "Tyne Bridge". BBC Inside Out. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  10. ↑ Chapman, Tegan (10 October 2018). "Female engineers gather to celebrate the Tyne Bridge turning 90". Institution of Civil Engineers . Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  11. ↑ Butcher, Joanne (26 February 2013). "Bridge spans the generations". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  12. ↑ "The Tyne Bridge". Bridges on the Tyne. 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  13. ↑ "Tyne Bridge (Also known as New Tyne Bridge), non Civil Parish - 1248569 | Historic England".
  14. ↑ Butcher, Joanne (1 March 2013). "85 years of the Tyne Bridge: Crossing of the great divide". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  15. ↑ "Tyne Bridge - Technical Information". structurae.net. International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  16. ↑ Gateshead from Old Photographs. Amberley Publishing. 15 September 2015. ISBN   9781445646817 . Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  17. ↑ "Olympic rings launched on Tyne Bridge". BBC News . BBC. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  18. ↑ Nairn, Ian (1970), Nairn's Europe: Newcastle - Aarhus, Newcastle: BBC
  19. ↑ Hough, Andrew (29 June 2012). "Weather: record 110,000 lightning bolts strike during 'superstorms'". Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  20. ↑ "Host Cities: Newcastle". Rugby World Cup. 2015. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  21. ↑ "St James' Park". Rugby World Cup. 2015. Archived from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  22. ↑ Davies, Katie (18 February 2015). "Rugby World Cup 2015: Tyne Bridge sign to be replaced with Great North Run advert". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  23. ↑ "Rugby League World Cup 2022 🏉 Trailer 🏟 BBC Trailers". YouTube.com. BBC. 9 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Whetstone, David (4 October 2017). "Newcastle's iconic Tyne Bridge is to host the spectacular Freedom on the Tyne finale". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  25. ↑ Whetstone, David (13 November 2017). "Statue of Dr Martin Luther King has been unveiled in Newcastle by his great friend". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  26. ↑ freedomCity2017 Staff. "Freedom City 2017". freedomcity2017.com. Newcastle University . Retrieved 11 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. 1 2 Holland, Daniel (12 September 2023). "Tyne Bridge restoration starts as scaffolding erected". The Chronicle. Newcastle upon Tyne. p. 5. Retrieved 12 September 2023. (Print and online versions differ slightly).
  28. ↑ "Tyne Bridge gets government cash for repainting and repairs". BBC News. 3 June 2022.
  29. ↑ "Esh gets start date for Tyne Bridge restoration". The Construction Index. 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  30. ↑ "Tyne Bridge upgraded to Grade II* by Historic England". BBC News . BBC. 23 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018. was a "representation of the North East's steely attitude",...; "it fully deserves to be among the 5.8% of structures which are Grade II* listed".
  31. ↑ Henderson, Tony (23 August 2018). "We all know the Tyne Bridge symbolises greatness - but there's now proof". Newcastle Chronicle . Trinity Mirror . Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  32. 1 2 "Tyne Bridge listed status upgraded during Great Exhibition Of The North to celebrate its importance". newcastle.gov.uk. Newcastle City Council. 23 August 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  33. ↑ "Newcastle-Gateshead kittiwakes arrive back on Tyneside". BBC News. 27 April 2020.
  34. ↑ "Tynesiders". Springwatch. BBC. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  35. ↑ "Tyne Kittiwakes Partnership". Natural History Society of Northumbria. 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  36. ↑ Wainwright, Martin (17 May 2011). "Newcastle in a flap over urban kittiwake colony". The Guardian . London . Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  37. ↑ "Installation of bird netting, angled sill plates and avishock system to tower – Tyne Bridge Tower Lombard Street Newcastle upon Tyne". Newcastle City Council . 9 November 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.

Further reading

Images
Next crossing upstream River Tyne Next crossing downstream
Swing Bridge Tyne Bridge
Grid reference NZ2529763814 		Gateshead Millennium Bridge
Footbridge
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