Ngamba

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The Ngamba were an Australian Aboriginal tribe who traditionally lived in around the area of Southern Gumbaynggirr, from the Nambucca to the Macleay in New South Wales.

Indigenous Australians are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, descended from groups that existed in Australia and surrounding islands before British colonisation. The time of arrival of the first Indigenous Australians is a matter of debate among researchers. The earliest conclusively human remains found in Australia are those of Mungo Man LM3 and Mungo Lady, which have been dated to around 50,000 years BP. Recent archaeological evidence from the analysis of charcoal and artefacts revealing human use suggests a date as early as 65,000 BP. Luminescence dating has suggested habitation in Arnhem Land as far back as 60,000 years BP. Genetic research has inferred a date of habitation as early as 80,000 years BP. Other estimates have ranged up to 100,000 years and 125,000 years BP.

New South Wales State of Australia

New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Tasman Sea to the east. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. In September 2018, the population of New South Wales was over 8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two-thirds of the state's population, 5.1 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.

Contents

Language

The language is poorly described because little has been transmitted of its nature. It is generally believed to have been similar to Gumbaynggirr. [1]

Kumbainggar language language

Gumbaynggir language is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is spoken by the Gumbaynggirr, who are native to the Mid North Coast of New South Wales.

Country

Ngamba territory comprised some 900 sq. miles from Port Macquarie and the vicinity of Rollands Plains south to the Manning River. The inland extension has not been ascertained. [2]

Rollands Plains, New South Wales Town in New South Wales, Australia

Rollands Plains is a village and bounded rural locality in Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

Manning River river in Australia

Manning River, an open and trained mature wave dominated barrier estuary, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.

People

All but a few remnants of the tribe were attested by 1929, when A.R. Radcliffe-Brown described them as lingering on with descendants of the Ngaku and Daingatti. [3] According to the reminiscences of Harry Buchanan, they had been systematically and savagely exterminated by the Australian native police. [4]

The Ngaku were an Australian Aboriginal tribe located around the Macleay River of New South Wales. They were a predominantly coastal people. Although their language was not recorded, it was described as a dialect or accent of Dhanggati.

The genocide of indigenous peoples is the mass destruction of entire communities of indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples are understood to be people whose historical and current territory has become occupied by colonial expansion, or the formation of a state by a dominant group such as a colonial power.

Customs

The Ngamba exploited the mangrove species Avicennia marina for its bark in order to fashion their military shields. [5]

<i>Avicennia marina</i> species of plant

Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove or white mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae. As with other mangroves, it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas.

Alternative names

Notes and references

Explanatory notes

    Notes

    1. ↑ Eades 1979, pp. 249,251.
    2. 1 2 Tindale 1974.
    3. ↑ Radcliffe-Brown 1929, pp. 400,407.
    4. ↑ Eades 1979, p. 251.
    5. ↑ Duke 2006, p. 22.

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    References

    International Standard Book Number Unique numeric book identifier

    The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.

    Robert Malcolm Ward Dixon is a Professor of Linguistics in the College of Arts, Society, and Education and The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Queensland. He is also Deputy Director of The Language and Culture Research Centre at JCU. Doctor of Letters, he was awarded a prestigious Honorary Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa by JCU in 2018. Fellow of British Academy; Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, and Honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America, he is one of three living linguists to be specifically mentioned in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics by P. H. Matthews.

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