Nothobranchius is a genus of small, freshwater killifish, classified in either the family Nothobranchiidae or a more inclusive Aplocheilidae in the order Cyprinodontiformes. There are many species: as of 2018 there are more than 70 species, many with very small distributions. They are primarily native to East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, but half a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin and two species are from west-central Africa; the greatest species richness is in Tanzania.
Nothobranchius albimarginatus is a species of fish in the family Aplocheilidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and shrub-dominated wetlands. It has only been recorded from two pools on the road between Dar es Salaam and Ikwiriri, half a kilometre south of the Lukwale River, these pools being the type locality.
Nothobranchius annectens is a species of fish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats is weedy pools.
The orchid nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to the lower basin of the Rufiji River in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is temporary pools and swamps. This species is found in both a blue and red form. This species was described in 1982 by Lothar Seegers with the type biology given as the Rufiji River near Utete, eastern Tanzania. The specific name honours Seegers companion on two expeditions, the German aquarist Gerd Eggers.
Nothobranchius foerschi is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is probably temporary pools. The specific name honours the German physician and aquaris Walter Foersch (1932-1993), who was an expert in killifish and was one of the first people to keep and breed this species.
Nothobranchius fuscotaeniatus is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania.
Nothobranchius geminus is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater pools where it feeds on invertebrates at the surface.
Nothobranchius janpapi is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to the Ruvu and Rufiji rivers in eastern Tanzania. Its natural habitats are small pools and ponds situated on floodplains. The specific name honours the Dutch aquarist Jan Pap, who first discovered this species in 1975 and sent examples back to the Netherlands.
Nothobranchius korthausae is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Mafia Island in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is pools, ditches and small streams. The specific name of this species honours the German aquarist Edith Korthaus who collected the type.
Nothobranchius lourensi is a species of fish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is known only from the floodplain of the Ruvu River in eastern Tanzania where it is found in temporary pools, where the type was originally collected by Jan Lourens, a biologist with the United Nations Development Programme in Dar es Salaam and who is honoured in its specific name.
Nothobranchius luekei is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is temporary pools. Its specific name honours the German aquarist Karl Heinz Lüke who was the first person to breed this species in an aquarium.
The blackspotted nothobranch is a species of fish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are temporary pools and floodplains, rice fields, swamps, ditches, and small streams. It grows to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) total length.
Nothobranchius neumanni is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. It occurs in both perennial and seasonal wetlands including rivers, lakes and ponds where it most likely feeds on planktonic crustaceans. This species was described as Fundulus neumanni by Franz Hilgendorf in 1905. The specific name honours Hilgendorf's companion on some of his expeditions to Africa, the German ornithologist Oscar Neumann (1867-1946).
Nothobranchius palmqvisti is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are swamps and intermittent freshwater marshes. This species was described as Fundulus palmqvisti by Einar Lönnberg in 1907 with the type locality being Tanga in the Usambara Mountains of north eastern Tanzania, the type being collected on the 1905-06 Sjöstedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition. The specific name honours the patron of that expedition, Gustaf Palmqvist.
Nothobranchius robustus, the red Victoria nothobranch, is a species of killifish in the family) Nothobranchiidae. It is found in the Lake Victoria basin, the Lake Albert basin, the Sio River and near Ahero in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, and intermittent freshwater marshes. This species was described in 1935 by Ernst Ahl from types collected in northwestern Tanzania.
Nothobranchius rubripinnis is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats are rivers and rice fields.
Nothobranchius steinforti is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Upper Wami River drainage, Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes, pools and rice fields. This species was described in 1977 by Rudolf Hans Wildekamp with the type locality given as "8 kilometers from Kimamba, Tanzania". The specific name honours the Dutch aquarist Theo Steinfort who helped collect the type and bred this species in captivity, making it available to other killifish hobbyists.
The striped nothobranch is a species of freshwater fish of East Africa, belonging to the family Aplocheilidae.
The Uganda nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Uganda, also possibly in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes.
The Mnanzini nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Kenya where it occurs on the floodplains of the lower Tana River system where it is found in temporary waterbodies and connecting streams. The specific name honours the German aquarist Manfred Willert who helped to collect the type and who donated it to Rudolf Hans Wildekamp who describe the species in 1992.
