Nothobranchius is a genus of small, freshwater killifish, classified in either the family Nothobranchiidae or a more inclusive Aplocheilidae in the order Cyprinodontiformes. There are many species: as of 2018 there are more than 70 species, many with very small distributions. They are primarily native to East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, but half a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin and two species are from west-central Africa; the greatest species richness is in Tanzania.
The Lake Rukwa lampeye is a species of fish in the family Poeciliidae. Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss. This species occurs in central Africa in Lake Rukwa, Tanzania, the Malagarasi River, Wembere River system and the upper basin of the Congo River. Its specific name honours the German physician and zoologist Friedrich Fülleborn (1866-1933), who collected the type.
Astatotilapia stappersii is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cichlidae. Adults measure about 15 cm (6 inches) in total length.
Nothobranchius albimarginatus is a species of fish in the family Aplocheilidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and shrub-dominated wetlands. It has only been recorded from two pools on the road between Dar es Salaam and Ikwiriri, half a kilometre south of the Lukwale River, these pools being the type locality.
The orchid nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to the lower basin of the Rufiji River in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is temporary pools and swamps. This species is found in both a blue and red form. This species was described in 1982 by Lothar Seegers with the type biology given as the Rufiji River near Utete, eastern Tanzania. The specific name honours Seegers companion on two expeditions, the German aquarist Gerd Eggers.
Nothobranchius geminus is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater pools where it feeds on invertebrates at the surface.
The redtail notho is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Zanzibar. Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and intermittent freshwater marshes. The redtail notho eats mosquito larvae and other planktonic creatures. Scientists are looking at introducing the species elsewhere in Africa to help with malaria prevention.
Nothobranchius janpapi is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to the Ruvu and Rufiji rivers in eastern Tanzania. Its natural habitats are small pools and ponds situated on floodplains. The specific name honours the Dutch aquarist Jan Pap, who first discovered this species in 1975 and sent examples back to the Netherlands.
Nothobranchius kilomberoensis is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania where it is found in the floodplain of the Kilombero River where it is found in turbid, seasonal pools.
Nothobranchius kirki, the redfin notho, is a species of killifish from the family Nothobranchiidae which is endemic to Malawi where it occurs in the drainages of Lake Malawi and Lake Chilwa. It inhabits swamps and ephemeral pools. This species can reach a length of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. This species was described in 1969 by the South African ichthyologist Rex Jubb from types collected by R. G. Kirk, who was a fish biologist of the Agricultural Research Services part of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Malawi, from a pool adjacent to the Likangala River which forms part of the endorheic basin of Lake Chilwa in Malawi.
Nothobranchius lourensi is a species of fish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is known only from the floodplain of the Ruvu River in eastern Tanzania where it is found in temporary pools, where the type was originally collected by Jan Lourens, a biologist with the United Nations Development Programme in Dar es Salaam and who is honoured in its specific name.
Nothobranchius neumanni is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. It occurs in both perennial and seasonal wetlands including rivers, lakes and ponds where it most likely feeds on planktonic crustaceans. This species was described as Fundulus neumanni by Franz Hilgendorf in 1905. The specific name honours Hilgendorf's companion on some of his expeditions to Africa, the German ornithologist Oscar Neumann (1867-1946).
Nothobranchius ocellatus is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. This species was described as Paranothobranchius ocellatus in 1985 by Lothar Seegers with the type locality given as being a swamp between Mtanza and the northern entrance of the Selous Game Reserve in the drainage basin of the Rufiji River north of Rufiji in eastern Tanzania.
Nothobranchius palmqvisti is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are swamps and intermittent freshwater marshes. This species was described as Fundulus palmqvisti by Einar Lönnberg in 1907 with the type locality being Tanga in the Usambara Mountains of north eastern Tanzania, the type being collected on the 1905-06 Sjöstedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition. The specific name honours the patron of that expedition, Gustaf Palmqvist.
Nothobranchius rubripinnis is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats are rivers and rice fields.
Nothobranchius sp. nov. 'Lake Victoria' is a scientifically undescribed species of freshwater fish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Kenya, and inhabits intermittent freshwater marshes. It was listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2004, but is not included in recent versions of the list.
Nothobranchius steinforti is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Upper Wami River drainage, Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes, pools and rice fields. This species was described in 1977 by Rudolf Hans Wildekamp with the type locality given as "8 kilometers from Kimamba, Tanzania". The specific name honours the Dutch aquarist Theo Steinfort who helped collect the type and bred this species in captivity, making it available to other killifish hobbyists.
The striped nothobranch is a species of freshwater fish of East Africa, belonging to the family Aplocheilidae.
The Uganda nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Uganda, also possibly in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes.
Oreochromis esculentus, the Singida tilapia or Graham's tilapia, is a critically endangered species of cichlid endemic to the Lake Victoria basin, including some of its satellite lakes such as Kyoga, in Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Its common name refers to Lake Singida, but this population is the result of an introduction that happened in the 1950s. This fish is highly valued by local fishermen, who know it as ngege.
