Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)

Last updated

Notre-Dame Basilica
Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal
Basilica de Notre-Dame, Montreal, Canada, 2017-08-11, DD 26-28 HDR.jpg
The church building's exterior, 2017
Montreal-blank.png
Red pog.svg
Notre-Dame Basilica
Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal
45°30′16″N73°33′22″W / 45.50444°N 73.55611°W / 45.50444; -73.55611
Location110 Notre-Dame Street West
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H2Y 1T2
Denomination Roman Catholic
Website basiliquenotredame.ca
History
Status Minor basilica
Dedication Mary
DedicatedJuly 1, 1829
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s) James O'Donnell
Style Gothic Revival, English Gothic
Groundbreaking 1823
Completed1865 (facade)
Construction cost £47,446 (1832)
Specifications
Length79 metres (259 ft)
Width46 metres (151 ft)
Height60 metres (200 ft)
Materials Stone, which came from the Tanneries quarry in Griffintown
Administration
Archdiocese Montreal
Official nameNotre-Dame Roman Catholic Church / Basilica National Historic Site of Canada
Designated1989

Notre-Dame Basilica (French: Basilique Notre-Dame) is a minor basilica of the Catholic Church in the historic Old Montreal district of Montreal in Quebec, Canada. It is located at 110 Notre-Dame Street West, at the corner of Saint Sulpice Street. It is situated next to the Saint-Sulpice Seminary and faces the Place d'Armes square.

Contents

The interior of the church is amongst the most dramatic in the world and regarded as a masterpiece of Gothic Revival architecture. [1] The vaults are coloured deep blue and decorated with golden stars, and the rest of the sanctuary is decorated in blues, azures, reds, purples, silver, and gold. It is filled with hundreds of intricate wooden carvings and several religious statues. Unusual for a church, the stained glass windows along the walls of the sanctuary do not depict biblical scenes, but rather scenes from the religious history of Montreal. It also has a Casavant Frères pipe organ, dated 1891, which comprises four keyboards, 99 stops using electromagnetic action and an adjustable combination system, 7000 individual pipes and a pedal board. [2] [3]

Approximately 11 million people visit Notre-Dame Basilica every year, making it one of the most visited monuments in North America. [4] In 2023, Notre-Dame was named the 6th most beautiful building in the world by Angi, a home service publication which analyzes TripAdvisor reviews. The publication ranked Notre-Dame de Paris second and Barcelona's Sagrada Família first. [5]

History

In 1657, the Roman Catholic Sulpicians arrived in Ville-Marie, now known as Montreal; six years later, the seigneury of the island was vested in them. They ruled until 1840. The parish they founded was dedicated to the Holy Name of Mary, and the parish church of Notre-Dame was built on the site in 1672. François Baillairgé, an architect, designed the interior decoration and choir 1785–95; facade and vault decoration, 1818. [6] The church served as the first cathedral of the Diocese of Montreal from 1821 to 1822. [7]

The Notre-Dame Church, with its replacement being built behind it, 1828. Place d Armes Montreal 1828.jpg
The Notre-Dame Church, with its replacement being built behind it, 1828.

By 1824 the congregation had completely outgrown the church, and James O'Donnell, an Irish-American Anglican from New York City, was commissioned to design the new building, with a goal of accommodating a congregation of up to 10,000. [8] O'Donnell was a proponent of the Gothic Revival architectural movement, and designed the church as such. He intended for a terrace to be built on the exterior of the church, but this was never completed due to a lack of funding. [9] He is the only person buried in the church's crypt. O'Donnell converted to Roman Catholicism on his deathbed and was thus buried in the crypt. [10]

The primary construction took place between 1824 and 1829. The cornerstone was laid at Place d'Armes on September 1, 1824. The sanctuary was finished in 1830, and the first tower in 1841, the second in 1843. O'Donnell designed the towers to be traditionally Gothic, and intended for them to be seen from any point in the city. Following O'Donnell's death, John Ostell, an English-born architect, finished the towers according to O'Donnell's original plans. [11] Upon completion, the church was the largest in North America, and remained so for over fifty years. [12] Samuel Russell Warren constructed a new organ in 1858. The facade of the church was completed in 1865, and included three statues by French sculptor Henri Bouriché: Saint-Joseph, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Jean-Baptiste. [11]

The interior of the basilica, with its sanctuary in the background. The sanctuary was completed in 1830. Notre-Dame Basilica Interior, Montreal, Canada - Diliff.jpg
The interior of the basilica, with its sanctuary in the background. The sanctuary was completed in 1830.

The interior took much longer, and Victor Bourgeau, who also worked on Montreal's Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral, worked on it from 1872 to 1879. Stonemason John Redpath was a major participant in the construction of the Basilica. The sanctuary originally hosted a large canopy, but because it caused a lighting effect that would blind the congregation, the interior designs were reworked by Bourgeau and Victor Rousselot, the current priest. They were inspired by the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, with gold leaf motifs paired with brightly painted columns. [13]

Because of the splendour and grand scale of the church, a more intimate chapel, Chapelle du Sacré-Cœur (Chapel of the Sacred Heart), was built behind it, along with some offices and a sacristy. It was completed in 1888. In 1886, Casavant Frères began constructing a new 32-foot pipe organ at the church, completing it in 1891. It was notably the first organ with adjustable-combination pedals to be operated by electricity.[ citation needed ]

Arson destroyed the Sacré-Cœur Chapel on December 8, 1978. It was rebuilt with the first two levels reproduced from old drawings and photographs, with modern vaulting and reredos and an immense bronze altarpiece by Quebec sculptor Charles Daudelin.

Notre-Dame Church was raised to the status of a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II on April 21, 1982. The Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Church was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1989. [11] [14]

The interior of the basilica, with its sanctuary in the background. Altar (39854705380).jpg
The interior of the basilica, with its sanctuary in the background.

On May 31, 2000, the provincial state funeral for former Montreal Canadiens superstar Maurice "Rocket" Richard was held in front of thousands, both inside and outside the Basilica.

On October 3, 2000, Justin Trudeau gave his eulogy just steps from the High Altar during the state funeral of Pierre Trudeau, his father and Canada's 15th prime minister. [15]

It was also the setting of Celine Dion's December 17, 1994, wedding to René Angélil [16] and hosted the funeral service for Angélil on January 22, 2016. [17]

In the summer of 2014, a French collector named Pierre-Jean Chalencon displayed a variety of artifacts that belonged to Napoleon Bonaparte. These items included clothing, weapons, and furniture, and were on display in the crypt on the basilica. [18]

In April 2019, following the Notre-Dame de Paris fire, Montreal's Notre-Dame announced that it would accept donations to aid in the Paris cathedral's reconstruction. [19]

On March 23, 2024, the state funeral of Canada's 18th prime minister Brian Mulroney was held at the Basilica. [20]

Bells

Both towers have bells, the West Tower (La Persévérance), has a bourdon bell nicknamed Jean-Baptiste, cast in John Dod Ward’s Eagle Foundry in 1848. Jean-Baptiste weighs 10,900 kg and tolled only on special occasions such as funerals, great church festivals and even Christmas Eve. The East Tower (La Temperance), houses a ten-bell carillon from the same foundry in May 24, 1842.

Public access

The basilica offers musical programming of choral and organ performances. [21] It is a tradition among many Montrealers to attend the annual performance of Handel's Messiah every Christmas.[ citation needed ]

More than 11 million people visit Notre-Dame every year, only one million fewer than Notre-Dame de Paris. [4]

Organists

The pipe organ for the basilica Montreal - Notre-Dame - Interieur 07.jpg
The pipe organ for the basilica

See also

Related Research Articles

Notre Dame, French for "Our Lady", a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, most commonly refers to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral</span> Church in Montreal, Quebec

Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral or in full Mary, Queen of the World and St. James the Great Cathedral is a minor basilica in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal. It is the third largest church in Quebec after Saint Joseph's Oratory and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré east of Quebec City. The building is 101 m (333 ft) in length, 46 m (150 ft) in width, and a maximum height of 77 m (252 ft) at the cupola, the diameter of which is 23 m (75 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">René Angélil</span> Canadian musical producer, talent manager, and singer (1942–2016)

René Angélil was a Canadian musical producer, talent manager and singer. He was the husband and manager of singer Celine Dion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Patrick's Basilica, Montreal</span> Church in Quebec, Canada

Saint Patrick's Basilica is a Roman Catholic minor basilica on René-Lévesque Boulevard in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec</span> Church in Quebec, Canada

The Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec, located at 16, rue de Buade, Quebec City, Quebec, is the primatial church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec. It is the oldest church in Canada and was the first church in Canada to be elevated to the rank of minor basilica, by Pope Pius IX in 1874. Four governors of New France and the bishops of Quebec are buried in the crypt, including François de Laval, Quebec's first bishop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ville-Marie, Montreal</span> Borough in Quebec, Canada

Ville-Marie is the name of a borough (arrondissement) in the centre of Montreal, Quebec. The borough is named after Fort Ville-Marie, the French settlement that would later become Montreal, which was located within the present-day borough. Old Montreal is a National Historic Site of Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery</span> Cemetery in Montreal, Canada

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is a 343-acre (139 ha) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada by number of burials and the third-largest in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)</span> Church in Indiana, United States

The Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Notre Dame, Indiana, is a Catholic church on the campus of the University of Notre Dame, also serving as the mother church of the Congregation of Holy Cross (C.S.C.) in the United States. The neo-gothic church has 44 large stained glass windows and murals completed over a 17-year period by the Vatican painter Luigi Gregori. The basilica bell tower is 230 feet (70 m) high, making it the tallest university chapel in America. It is a contributing building in Notre Dame's historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The basilica is a major tourist attraction in Northern Indiana, and is visited annually by more than 100,000 tourists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica</span> Church in Quebec, Canada

The Basilica of Notre-Dame-du-Cap is a minor basilica in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada. It is Canada's national shrine to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and one of the country's six national shrines. Each year, the site is visited by thousands of Catholic pilgrims.

Jules Lasalle is a Canadian sculptor living and working in Montreal. He has made many commemorative monuments that can be seen in Montreal, Longueuil, Quebec City, and other places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris</span> Basilica church in Paris

Located at 6, rue Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, The Basilica of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires is one of ten minor basilicas located in the Île-de-France region of France. It was begun as an Abbey church, and constructed between 1629 and 1740 in the French classical style. Its name was given by King Louis XIII, who dedicated it to his victory over the Protestants at La Rochelle in 1628 during the French Wars of Religion. Notre-Dame-des-Victoires is famous for the ex voto offerings left there by the faithful. Over 37,000 devotional plaques, silver and gold hearts, as well as military decorations, have been left at the basilica. The closest Métro station is 'Bourse'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notre-Dame Street</span> Street in Montreal, Quebec

Notre-Dame Street is a historic east–west street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It runs parallel to the Saint Lawrence River, from Lachine to the eastern tip of the island in Pointe-aux-Trembles, then continuing off the island into the Lanaudière region.

The death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau took place in 2000. Pierre Trudeau was the 15th prime minister of Canada, serving from 1968 to 1984, with a brief interruption in 1979–1980. Trudeau died on September 28, 2000. His casket lay in state on Parliament Hill from September 30 to October 1 and the following day at Montreal City Hall. On October 3, a state funeral was held at Notre-Dame Basilica in Montreal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint-Jean-Baptiste Church (Montreal)</span> Building in Quebec, Canada

Saint-Jean-Baptiste Church is a Roman Catholic church built in 1872 in the borough of Le Plateau Mont-Royal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of Saint-Pierre-Apôtre (Montreal)</span> Church in Montreal, Quebec

The Church of St. Peter the Apostle is a Canadian Roman Catholic parish church, located between Boulevard René Lévesque and Rue Sainte-Catherine East, in the Village neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It has been designated a Historic Place of Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of Notre-Dame d'Alençon</span>

The Basilica of Notre-Dame d'Alençon is a Gothic parish church located in Alençon, Orne, France. It was elevated to the rank of minor basilica by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilique Notre-Dame de Bonsecours</span>

The Basilique Notre Dame du Bon Secours, Marie Auxiliatrice is a Roman Catholic minor basilica in Bonsecours near Rouen, Seine—Maritime, France. It is the first church in France to be built in the Gothic Revival style. The basilica is highly ornately decorated with windows, sculptures and other elements often carrying the name or coat of arms of a patronal donor.

Basilique Notre-Dame is the French name for a number of Basilicas dedicated to the Virgin Mary. These include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of Brian Mulroney</span> 2024 death of the former Canadian prime minister

Former Prime Minister of Canada Brian Mulroney died on February 29, 2024, following several years of declining health. His state funeral was held on March 23.

References

  1. Shingler, Benjamin (16 April 2019). "Are Montreal's historic churches safe from fire?". CBC News . Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  2. "The Basilica of Notre-Dame de Montréal". Quebec Religious Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 February 2004. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  3. "Interior Design". Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal.
  4. 1 2 Curtis, Christopher (16 April 2019). "Notre-Dame de Paris fire: How safe are Montreal's heritage churches?". Montreal Gazette . Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  5. "Le plus beau bâtiment du monde est en Catalogne".
  6. "Baillairge, Thomas". Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada 1800–1950. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  7. "Historie". Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  8. Sabourin, Diane (8 March 2017). "Notre-Dame Basilica of Montréal". The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  9. Toker, Franklin (1991). The Church of Notre-Dame in Montreal: An Architectural History (2nd ed.). Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 37–39. ISBN   978-0-7735-0848-4.
  10. "The Old Seminary and Notre-Dame Basilica". Old Montreal. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  11. 1 2 3 "Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Church / Basilica National Historic Site of Canada". Canadian Register of Historic Places . Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  12. Pound, Richard W. (2005). Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates. Fitzhenry and Whiteside. p. 812. ISBN   978-1-5504-1171-3.
  13. "The origins of the decor". Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
  14. Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Church / Basilica . Canadian Register of Historic Places . Retrieved August 15, 2011.
  15. "Justin Trudeau's eulogy". CBC News . 2000-10-03. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  16. Yagoda, Maria (15 January 2016). "Looking Back at Céline Dion and René Angélil's Romantic 1994 Wedding". People . Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  17. "René Angélil remembered at national funeral in Montreal". CBC News. 22 January 2016.
  18. Banerjee, Sidhartha (1 May 2014). "Precious Napoleon artifacts on display at Montreal's Notre Dame Basilica". The Canadian Press .
  19. "Montreal's Notre-Dame fundraises for Paris Notre-Dame restoration". Yahoo! News . Agence France-Presse. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  20. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/mulroney-state-funeral-moments-1.7153501 [ bare URL ]
  21. "Montreal's Notre Dame Basilica hosting a Mozart concert this November". Daily Hive . 17 October 2017.

Sources