 | ||
| ||
| Reject cuts in pension payments | ||
|---|---|---|
| 27% of the state budget for education | ||
 |
|---|
 Uruguayportal |
A double constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 27 November 1994 alongside general elections. Voters were asked two questions; whether they approved of two initiatives, one on preventing cuts in pension payments, [1] and one on the proportion of the state budget spent on education. [2] The first question was approved, whilst the second was rejected.
The pension cuts referendum was initiated by the Association of Retirees through collecting signatures equal to one-tenth of the number of registered voters. [1]
The referendum on reserving 27% of the state budget for education was initiated by the Teachers Union by collecting the required number signatures. It would involve amending articles 214, 215 and 220 of the constitution. [2]
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| For | 1,540,462 | 72.30 |
| Against | 590,156 | 27.70 |
| Total | 2,130,618 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,328,478 | 91.50 |
| Source: Direct Democracy | ||
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| For | 694,351 | 32.58 |
| Against | 1,436,267 | 67.42 |
| Total | 2,130,618 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,328,478 | 91.50 |
| Source: Direct Democracy | ||
A referendum is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation,popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition.
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic was the core of work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, among whom the most important are Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
A recall election is a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official from office through a referendum before that official's term of office has ended. Recalls, which are initiated when sufficient voters sign a petition, have a history dating back to the constitution in ancient Athenian democracy and feature in several current constitutions. In indirect or representative democracy, people's representatives are elected and these representatives serve for a specific period of time. However, where the facility to recall exists, if any representative comes to be perceived as not properly discharging their responsibilities, they can be called back with the written request of a specific number or proportion of voters. Even where they are legally available, recall elections are only commonly held in a small number of countries including the United States, Peru, Ecuador, and Japan. They are considered by groups such as ACE Electoral Knowledge Network the most rarely used form of direct democracy.
In political science, an initiative is a means by which a petition signed by a certain number of registered voters can force a government to choose either to enact a law or hold a public vote in the legislature in what is called indirect initiative, or under direct initiative, where the proposition is put to a plebiscite or referendum, in what is called a Popular initiated Referendum or citizen-initiated referendum.
In California, a ballot proposition is a referendum or an initiative measure that is submitted to the electorate for a direct decision or direct vote. If passed, it can alter one or more of the articles of the Constitution of California, one or more of the 29 California Codes, or another law in the California Statutes by clarifying current or adding statute(s) or removing current statute(s).
In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote. Initiatives and referendums, along with recall elections and popular primary elections, are signature reforms of the Progressive Era; they are written into several state constitutions, particularly in the West. It is a form of direct democracy.
A referendum, in the Italian legal system is a request directed to the whole electorate to express their view on a determined question. It is the main instrument of direct democracy in Italy.
Referendums are held only occasionally by the Government of New Zealand. Referendums may be government-initiated or held in accordance with the Electoral Act 1993 or the Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993. Nineteen referendums have been held so far. Fourteen were government-led, and five were indicative citizen initiatives.
A popular referendum is a type of a referendum that provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (plebiscite) on an existing statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or, in its minimal form, to simply oblige the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject by submitting it to the order of the day. It is a form of direct democracy.
The 2009 New Zealand Referendum on Child Discipline was held from 31 July to 21 August, and was a citizens-initiated referendum on parental corporal punishment. It asked:
Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?
Direct democracy refers to decision making by vote at public meetings, such as is found in many New England towns in the form of open town meetings, that date back to colonial times. It may also refer to state and local referendums, where a proposal, law, or political issue is put to a direct vote by the electorate, rather than being voted on by representatives in a state or local legislature or council.
A constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 26 November 1989 alongside general elections. The proposed changes to the constitution would require state pensions to be increased at the same rate as the salary of civil servants. The proposal was approved by 81.78% of those voting and 72.51% of all registered voters.
A constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 28 August 1994. The proposals were rejected by 69% of voters.
A referendum on repealing the law that abolished the petroleum monopoly held by ANCAP was held in Uruguay on 7 December 2003. The proposal was approved by 64% of voters.
A double referendum was held in Uruguay on 31 October 1999 alongside general elections. Voters were asked two questions; whether they approved of two initiatives, one on the financial autonomy of the judiciary, and one on preventing directors of state-owned companies from becoming MPs. Both were rejected by voters.
A three-part referendum was held in Ecuador on 26 November 2006, alongside the run-off for the presidential elections. Voters were asked whether they approved of a ten-year plan for education, plans to improve healthcare provision, and using oil revenues for social and economic programmes. All three proposals were approved by wide margins.
Six referendums were held in Switzerland during 2006. The first was held on 21 May on revising article 48a in the Swiss Federal Constitution on education, and was approved by 86% of voters. The second set of three referendums was held on 24 September on proposed amendments to the laws on asylum and foreigners, as well as a popular initiative on diverting profits from the Swiss National Bank into the national pension fund. The two laws were approved, whilst the initiative was rejected.
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This article summarises referendum laws and practice in various countries.
The Référendum d'initiative Citoyenne is the name given to the proposal for a constitutional amendment in France to permit consultation of the citizenry by referendum concerning the proposition or abrogation of laws, the revocation of politicians' mandates, and constitutional amendment.
Two ballot measures were certified for the November 3, 2020, general election in the state of Massachusetts. Multiple other ballot measures that were initiated by supporters did not meet requirements, thus will not appear on the ballot.
| Presidential elections | |
|---|---|
| Parliamentary elections | |
| Colegiado elections | |
| Local elections | |
| Referendums | |
| |
  | This Uruguayan elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
