Nucleolin

Last updated
NCL
Protein NCL PDB 2fc8.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases NCL , C23, nucleolin, Nsr1
External IDs OMIM: 164035 MGI: 97286 HomoloGene: 136488 GeneCards: NCL
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4691

17975

Ensembl

ENSG00000115053

ENSMUSG00000026234

UniProt

P19338

P09405

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005381

NM_010880

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005372

NP_035010

Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 231.45 – 231.48 Mb Chr 1: 86.27 – 86.29 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Nucleolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCL gene. [5] [6]

Contents

Gene

The human NCL gene is located on chromosome 2 and consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. Intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20. [7]

Function

Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. May play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.

Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII). [8]

Clinical significance

Midkine and pleiotrophin bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection. [9] [10]

Nucleolin at the cell surface is the receptor for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein. [11] Interference with the nucleolin–RSV fusion protein interaction has been shown to be therapeutic against RSV infection in cell cultures and animal models. [12] [13] [14] [15]

Interactions

Nucleolin has been shown to interact with:

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115053 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026234 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Srivastava M, McBride OW, Fleming PJ, Pollard HB, Burns AL (Sep 1990). "Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human nucleolin gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (25): 14922–31. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77205-0 . PMID   2394707.
  6. ↑ Erard MS, Belenguer P, Caizergues-Ferrer M, Pantaloni A, Amalric F (Aug 1988). "A major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1". European Journal of Biochemistry. 175 (3): 525–30. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14224.x . PMID   3409881.
  7. ↑ "Entrez Gene: NCL nucleolin".
  8. ↑ Litchfield LM, Riggs KA, Hockenberry AM, Oliver LD, Barnhart KG, Cai J, Pierce WM, Ivanova MM, Bates PJ, Appana SN, Datta S, Kulesza P, McBryan J, Young LS, Klinge CM (May 2012). "Identification and characterization of nucleolin as a COUP-TFII coactivator of retinoic acid receptor β transcription in breast cancer cells". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e38278. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...738278L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038278 . PMC   3365040 . PMID   22693611.
  9. ↑ Said EA, Krust B, Nisole S, Svab J, Briand JP, Hovanessian AG (Oct 2002). "The anti-HIV cytokine midkine binds the cell surface-expressed nucleolin as a low affinity receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (40): 37492–502. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M201194200 . PMID   12147681. S2CID   41621217.
  10. ↑ Said EA, Courty J, Svab J, Delbé J, Krust B, Hovanessian AG (Sep 2005). "Pleiotrophin inhibits HIV infection by binding the cell surface-expressed nucleolin". The FEBS Journal. 272 (18): 4646–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04870.x . PMID   16156786. S2CID   21153881.
  11. ↑ Tayyari F, Marchant D, Moraes TJ, Duan W, Mastrangelo P, Hegele RG (Sep 2011). "Identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus". Nature Medicine. 17 (9): 1132–5. doi:10.1038/nm.2444. PMID   21841784. S2CID   205388029.
  12. ↑ Bilawchuk LM, Griffiths CD, Jensen LD, Elawar F, Marchant DJ (Aug 2017). "The Susceptibilities of Respiratory Syncytial Virus to Nucleolin Receptor Blocking and Antibody Neutralization are Dependent upon the Method of Virus Purification". Viruses. 9 (8): 207. doi: 10.3390/v9080207 . PMC   5580464 . PMID   28771197.
  13. ↑ Mastrangelo P, Hegele RG (Nov 2012). "The RSV fusion receptor: not what everyone expected it to be". Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur. 14 (13): 1205–10. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.07.015. PMID   22884716.
  14. ↑ Mastrangelo P, Hegele RG (Mar 2013). "RSV fusion: time for a new model". Viruses. 5 (3): 873–85. doi: 10.3390/v5030873 . PMC   3705301 . PMID   23518574.
  15. ↑ Shakeri A, Mastrangelo P, Griffin JK, Moraes TJ, Hegele RG (Nov 2014). "Respiratory syncytial virus receptor expression in the mouse and viral tropism". Histology and Histopathology. 30 (30): 401–411. doi:10.14670/HH-30.401. PMID   25374027.
  16. ↑ Lee, Seong-Jae, et al. (Jun 2021). "Identification of Nucleolin as a Novel AEG-1-Interacting Protein in Breast Cancer via Interactome Profiling". Cancers. 13 (11): 2842. doi: 10.3390/cancers13112842 . PMC   8201222 . PMID   34200450. S2CID   235436955.
  17. ↑ Li D, Dobrowolska G, Krebs EG (Jun 1996). "The physical association of casein kinase 2 with nucleolin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (26): 15662–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.26.15662 . PMID   8663258. S2CID   10750338.
  18. ↑ Dubois T, Zemlickova E, Howell S, Aitken A (Feb 2003). "Centaurin-alpha 1 associates in vitro and in vivo with nucleolin". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 301 (2): 502–8. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)03010-3. PMID   12565890.
  19. ↑ Tominaga K, Srikantan S, Lee EK, Subaran SS, Martindale JL, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M (Oct 2011). "Competitive regulation of nucleolin expression by HuR and miR-494". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 31 (20): 4219–31. doi:10.1128/MCB.05955-11. PMC   3187287 . PMID   21859890.
  20. ↑ Li YP, Busch RK, Valdez BC, Busch H (Apr 1996). "C23 interacts with B23, a putative nucleolar-localization-signal-binding protein". European Journal of Biochemistry. 237 (1): 153–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0153n.x . PMID   8620867.
  21. ↑ Daniely Y, Dimitrova DD, Borowiec JA (Aug 2002). "Stress-dependent nucleolin mobilization mediated by p53-nucleolin complex formation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (16): 6014–22. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.16.6014-6022.2002. PMC   133981 . PMID   12138209.
  22. ↑ Morimoto H, Okamura H, Haneji T (Sep 2002). "Interaction of protein phosphatase 1 delta with nucleolin in human osteoblastic cells". The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 50 (9): 1187–93. doi: 10.1177/002215540205000905 . PMID   12185196. S2CID   24950287.
  23. ↑ Sakaguchi M, Miyazaki M, Takaishi M, Sakaguchi Y, Makino E, Kataoka N, Yamada H, Namba M, Huh NH (Nov 2003). "S100C/A11 is a key mediator of Ca(2+)-induced growth inhibition of human epidermal keratinocytes". The Journal of Cell Biology. 163 (4): 825–35. doi:10.1083/jcb.200304017. PMC   2173690 . PMID   14623863.
  24. ↑ Fouraux MA, Bouvet P, Verkaart S, van Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ (Jul 2002). "Nucleolin associates with a subset of the human Ro ribonucleoprotein complexes". Journal of Molecular Biology. 320 (3): 475–88. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00518-1. hdl: 2066/121576 . PMID   12096904.
  25. ↑ Haluska P, Saleem A, Edwards TK, Rubin EH (Apr 1998). "Interaction between the N-terminus of human topoisomerase I and SV40 large T antigen". Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (7): 1841–7. doi:10.1093/nar/26.7.1841. PMC   147454 . PMID   9512561.
  26. ↑ Bharti AK, Olson MO, Kufe DW, Rubin EH (Jan 1996). "Identification of a nucleolin binding site in human topoisomerase I". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (4): 1993–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.4.1993 . PMID   8567649. S2CID   25059254.
  27. ↑ Khurts S, Masutomi K, Delgermaa L, Arai K, Oishi N, Mizuno H, Hayashi N, Hahn WC, Murakami S (Dec 2004). "Nucleolin interacts with telomerase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (49): 51508–15. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M407643200 . hdl: 2297/15897 . PMID   15371412. S2CID   41394148.

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