Nymphaea rudgeana

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Nymphaea rudgeana
Nymphaea rudgeana G. Mey. - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil.jpg
Nymphaea rudgeana in its natural habitat in Bahia, Brazil
Nymphaea rudgeana.jpg
Botanical illustration of Nymphaea rudgeana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nymphaea
Subgenus: Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis
Species:
N. rudgeana
Binomial name
Nymphaea rudgeana
G.Mey. [1]
Synonyms [1]
  • Castalia rudgeana (G.Mey.) Britton & P.Wilson
  • Nymphaea ampla var. rudgeana (G.Mey.) DC.
  • Nymphaea blanda Planch.

Nymphaea rudgeana is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America. [1]

Contents

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. floating leaf with scale bar (5 cm) on a white background Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. leaf.jpg
Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. floating leaf with scale bar (5 cm) on a white background
Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. foliage of plants cultivated at the Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem Nymphaea rudgeana kz01.jpg
Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. foliage of plants cultivated at the Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem

The ovoid to subglobose rhizome may exceed 7 cm in length and 8 cm in width. It is not stoloniferous. [2] Its leaves are thick and leathery, round to kidney-shaped or broadly heart-shaped. The leaf blade is 17-18 cm long and 19-21 cm wide. In deeper water, they can grow up to 35 cm. The margin is dentate and has uneven, blunt teeth, although towards the apex the margin is almost entirely smooth. [3] It is the sole member of its subgenus featuring leaves with dentate margins. However, it also produces submerged leaves with entire margins, if it grows in flowing water. [2] The adaxial leaf surface is shiny and light green with some red colouration in the centre and towards the edge. Younger leaves exhibit brownish red spotting. The abaxial leaf surface, which features protruding leaf venation, displays a brownish-purple colouration with irregular spotting. The petiole is reddish-brown, [3] up to 9 or 11 mm wide, glabrous and has 2 primary, as well as 4 to numerous secondary air canals. [2] From each leaf base, 6-7 roots emerge. [4]

Generative characteristics

Halved Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. fruit with scale bar (5 cm) against a grey background Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. fruit.jpg
Halved Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. fruit with scale bar (5 cm) against a grey background
Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. fruit Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil (4).jpg
Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. fruit

The flower has four green or pink sepals, with or without blackish stripes. They are elliptic in shape with an acute to obtuse apex. The white to pink petals are gradually transitioning into stamens. [5] The floral fragrance has been described as lemon scented. [6] The rich, fruity odour is said to resemble the fragrance of Nymphaea amazonum . [7]

Cytology

The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 42. [8]

Reproduction

Vegetative reproduction

Asexual reproduction is not known to occur in this species. [9] Both stolons and proliferating pseudanthia are absent in this species. [10] [2]

Generative reproduction

Cross pollination of the protogynous flowers occurs frequently. [11] However, since the stigma remains receptive in the second day, which is when the pollen is released, autogamy is possible as well. [9] The seeds are very numerous. In one case, 4365 seeds were found in a single fruit. [3] A range of 1000 to 8000 seeds has also been reported. [4]

Habitat

It can grow in salty or brackish water. [9] [12] It has been observed growing in shallow waters of 20-100 cm in depth at river margins. It has also been found growin in an artificial lake with slight water flow. [11]

Taxonomy

Type specimen

The type specimen was collected in Guyana by Rodschied. [13] [2]

Placement within Nymphaea

It is a member of Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis. However, it was speculated that Nymphaea rudgeana may be an ancient hybrid involving Nymphaea subgenus Lotos. [8] [2]

Etymology

The specific epithet rudgeana honours Anne Rudge. [14]

Ecology

Pollination

Cyclocephala castanea, a pollinator of Nymphaea rudgeana Cyclocephala - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBAINV0274 021 05 0007 (cropped).tif
Cyclocephala castanea, a pollinator of Nymphaea rudgeana

The beetle species Cyclocephala castanea and Cyclocephala verticalis visit Nymphaea rudgeana flowers. [16] [15] [11] The insects are not trapped inside the flowers overnight. [11] There have however been reports of consistently finding dead insects within the flowers. [3]

Conservation

In Puerto Rico it is a rare species facing habitat destruction. [17] The IUCN conservation status is not evaluated (NE). [18]

Uses

Foliage and flowers are used as emollients by the Palikur people of French Guiana. [19] Various other ethnobotanical uses were also reported: Decoctions were used for cases of morphea, as a drink it was used against erysipelas, and it has been used as treatment of facial tumours, toothaches and leprous wounds. [20] The seeds are used as food by native people. [4]

Cultivation

It is very rare in cultivation, although it may be easily cared for. [21] [22] [18] [23] It should be cultivated in high light conditions in rich, loamy fertile substrate at temperatures of 23 - 29 °C. [23] [18]

Related Research Articles

<i>Nymphaea</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Nymphaea is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and many cultivars have been bred. Some taxa occur as introduced species where they are not native, and some are weeds. Plants of the genus are known commonly as water lilies, or waterlilies in the United Kingdom. The genus name is from the Greek νυμφαία, nymphaia and the Latin nymphaea, which means "water lily" and were inspired by the nymphs of Greek and Latin mythology.

<i>Nymphaea glandulifera</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea glandulifera is a species of waterlily native to tropical America.

<i>Nymphaea prolifera</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea prolifera is a species of waterlily naturally found from Mexico to Brazil and northeastern Argentina. Additionally, it has been reported to occur in Uruguay.

<i>Nymphaea gardneriana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea gardneriana is a species of waterlily native to Cuba and tropical South America.

<i>Nymphaea potamophila</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea potamophila is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Venezuela to northern Brazil. Additionally, it has been reported to occur in Colombia.

<i>Nymphaea oxypetala</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea oxypetala is a species of waterlily native to Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Venezuela. It is a remarkable species with excessively acuminate and acute sepals and petals.

Nymphaea tenuinervia is a species of waterlily native to Colombia, Guyana and Brazil.

Nymphaea belophylla is a species of waterlily native to Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela.

<i>Nymphaea amazonum</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea amazonum is a species of water lily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America. It has been introduced to Bangladesh.

Nymphaea conardii is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Southern Mexico to tropical South America.

<i>Nymphaea paganuccii</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea paganuccii is a species of waterlily endemic to Brazil.

<i>Nymphaea lasiophylla</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea lasiophylla is a species of waterlily native to East Brazil. It has also been introduced to the Venezuelan Antilles.

Nymphaea pedersenii is a species of waterlily native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay.

Nymphaea lingulata is a species of waterlily native to Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.

Nymphaea novogranatensis is a species of waterlily native to Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela.

<i>Nymphaea <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> daubenyana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea × daubenyana is a species of waterlily endemic to Chad, but has been introduced to Florida, USA. It is a natural hybrid of Nymphaea micrantha and Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea.

<i>Nymphaea gracilis</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea gracilis is a species of waterlily endemic to Mexico. It is the only species of its genus which is endemic to Mexico.

<i>Nymphaea hastifolia</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea hastifolia is a species of waterlily native to the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.

<i>Nymphaea rubra</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea rubra is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Sri Lanka and northeastern India to western and central Malesia. Additionally, it has been introduced to regions such as Southeast China, Cuba, Guyana, Hungary, and Suriname.

<i>Nymphaea <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Hydrocallis</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis is a subgenus of the genus Nymphaea.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wiersema, J. H. (1987). A monograph of Nymphaea subgenus Hydrocallis (Nymphaeaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs, 1-112.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Henkel, F. (1907). Das Buch Der Nymphaeaceen Oder Seerosengewächse Von Fr. Henkel, F. Hehnelt und L. Dittmann. pp. 74-75. Deutschland: Friedrich Henkel.
  4. 1 2 3 Conard, H. S. (2015). The Waterlilies: A Monograph of the Genus Nymphaea (Classic Reprint). pp. 204-206. USA: FB&C Limited.
  5. ↑ Lima, C. T. D. (2018). "Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Nymphaeaceae." Rodriguésia, 69, 153-156.
  6. ↑ Lóczy, L. (1897). "Resultate der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Balatonsees." p. 33. Austria: In Kommission von E. Hölzel.
  7. ↑ Prance, G. T. (1980). A Note on the Pollination of Nymphaea Amazonum Mart. & Zucc. (Nymphaeaceae). Brittonia, 32(4), 505–507. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806159
  8. 1 2 Borsch, T., Hilu, K. W., Wiersema, J. H., Löhne, C., Barthlott, W., & Wilde, V. (2007). "Phylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region." International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168(5), 639-671.
  9. 1 2 3 Wiersema, J. H. (1988). Reproductive Biology of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 75(3), 795–804. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399367
  10. ↑ Pellegrini, M. O. O. & Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (n.d.-b). Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved November 26, 2023, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB10949
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Prance, G. T., & Anderson, A. B. (1976). "Studies of the floral biology of neotropical Nymphaeaceae." 3. Acta Amazonica, 6, 163-170.
  12. ↑ Camargo, A. F. M., & Florentino, E. R. (2000). "Population dynamics and net primary production of the aquatic macrophite Nymphaea rudgeana CF Mey in a lotic environment of the Itanhaém River basin (SP, Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 60, 83-92.
  13. ↑ Nymphaea rudgeana | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/281442-2
  14. ↑ Stearn, W. T., & Williams, L. H. J. (1957). Martin’s French Guiana Plants and Rudge’s “Plantarum Guianae rariorum Icones.” Bulletin Du Jardin Botanique de l’État a Bruxelles, 27(2), 243–265. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666961
  15. 1 2 M Cramer, J., Meeuse, A. D. J., & Teunissen, P. A. (1975). "A note on the pollination of nocturnally flowering species of Nymphaea." Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 24(5/6), 489-490.
  16. ↑ Gottsberger, G. (1986). Some Pollination Strategies in Neotropical Savannas and Forests. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 152(1/2), 29–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23673697
  17. ↑ Woodbury, R. O. (1975). "Rare and Endangered Plants of Puerto Rico: A Committee Report." p. 61. United States: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
  18. 1 2 3 BIOTOPE AQUARIUM Project, & Khardina, N. (2022, September 5). Nymphaea rudgeana G.Mey. Biotope Aquarium Project. Retrieved November 26, 2023, from https://biotopeaquariumproject.com/plant/nymphaea-rudgeana-ig-sauvaudaua-nkhardina/
  19. ↑ Hegnauer, R. (2013). Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen: Eine Übersicht über die Verbreitung und die systematische Bedeutung der Pflanzenstoffe. p. 136. Germany: Birkhäuser Basel.
  20. ↑ "Berichte der Deutschen Pharmaceutischen Gesellschaft." p. 285. (1897). Germany: R. Gaertners Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  21. ↑ Breukel, H. (n.d.-b). Nymphaea rudgenana G.F.W. Meyer - syn. blanda Planch. Seerosenforum.de Das Portal Der Seerose. Retrieved November 26, 2023, from https://www.seerosenforum.de/Gattung/Hydrocallis/rudgenana/rudgenana.aspx
  22. ↑ Nymphaea rudgeana. (n.d.). Flowgrow. Retrieved November 26, 2023, from https://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/nymphaea-rudgeana
  23. 1 2 Oczkowski, Y. (n.d.). Les plantes : Nymphaea rudgeana. Aquavipare. Retrieved November 26, 2023, from http://www.aquavipare.fr/plantes/plante_detail.php?PlanteNomScientifique=Nymphaea+rudgeana
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