Nymphalis vaualbum

Last updated

Compton tortoiseshell
Compton Tortoiseshell.jpg
In Temagami, Ontario
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Nymphalis
Species:
N. vaualbum
Binomial name
Nymphalis vaualbum
([ Denis & Schiffermüller ], 1775) [1]
Subspecies
  • N. vaualbum j-album (Boisduval & Le Conte, 1835)) [1]
  • N. vaualbum l-album (Esper, 1781)
Synonyms
  • Papilio vau album
    • Polygonia vau-album [2]
    • Roddia vaualbum
  • Papilio l-album
    • Vanessa l-album [2]
    • Polygonia l-album
    • Nymphalis l-album
    • Roddia l-album
  • Roddia j-album

Nymphalis vaualbum or N. l-album, the Compton tortoiseshell, [1] [3] [4] or false comma, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

Contents

An assertion that the name Nymphalis l-album is in fact the correct name over the widely used Nymphalis vaualbum proved to have backing when it was discovered the description covering vaualbum did not include a description or type specimen. Thus vaualbum can be considered nomen nudum , giving Nymphalis l-album priority. [5]

Description

Underside Compton Tortoiseshell-underside.jpg
Underside
Nymphalis vaualbum in Japan

Wingspan: 2 1/2 - 3 1/16 inches (6.4 - 7.8 cm). The Upper side is orange-brown with darker wing bases and black patches. There is a single white costal spot on both the forewing and the hindwing. The verso is mottled grey and brown, with dark bases and borders. Regardless of the ground colour (grey-brown or a buff brown), there is great contrast between the dark chocolate-brown discal region and the paler postdiscal area in males, less so in females. The hindwing verso has a V-shaped white mark adjoining the cell at S4. In some specimens this ‘V’ is replaced by a dash, an ‘L’,a ‘C’ or a ‘J’ and it may consist of just a few white scales, or be absent altogether. This marking is far more prominent in males. [6] This V mark is shared with Polygonia c-album , hence the name false comma.

Distribution

It is seen in deciduous and coniferous forest in a wide range throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The nominate subspecies (N. v. l-album) is found throughout central Asia. The subspecies, N. v. j-album's, range consists of Alaska and Canada south into Montana and Wyoming. They are seen east to New England and eastern Canada and south to North Carolina and Missouri. They rarely migrate to Newfoundland and Labrador, Nebraska, and Florida. The species is also found in the Palearctic - Eastern Europe, Romania, Ukraine, the south of Russia to the areas west of the Urals, the southern part of Siberia to the Himalayas and Japan. [7]

Life cycle

The adult female will lay her eggs in a clump on the host plant. Once the eggs hatch the caterpillars will feed together until they pupate. There is one brood that flies from July to November.

Larval foods

Adult foods

Nymphalis vaualbum, Compton Tortoiseshell butterfly seen in Bruce, WI Nymphalis vaualbum, Compton Tortoiseshell, Bruce, WI.jpg
Nymphalis vaualbum, Compton Tortoiseshell butterfly seen in Bruce, WI
The underside of the Nymphalis vaualbum camouflages itself with the dirt ground and leaves Nymphalis vaualbum, Compton Tortoiseshell, underside, Bruce WI.jpg
The underside of the Nymphalis vaualbum camouflages itself with the dirt ground and leaves

Related Research Articles

<i>Polygonia c-album</i> Species of butterfly

Polygonia c-album, the comma, is a food generalist (polyphagous) butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. The angular notches on the edges of the forewings are characteristic of the genus Polygonia, which is why species in the genus are commonly referred to as anglewing butterflies. Comma butterflies can be identified by their prominent orange and dark brown/black dorsal wings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large tortoiseshell</span> Species of butterfly

The large tortoiseshell or blackleg tortoiseshell is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

<i>Polygonia</i> Genus of insects

Polygonia is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name anglewing butterflies. The related genus Nymphalis also includes some anglewing species; Polygonia is sometimes classified as a subgenus of Nymphalis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nymphalini</span> Tribe of butterflies

Nymphalini is a tribe of nymphalid brush-footed butterflies. Common names include admirals, anglewings, commas, and tortoiseshells, but none of these is specific to one particular genus.

<i>Nymphalis</i> Genus of butterflies

Nymphalis, commonly known as the tortoiseshells or anglewing butterflies, is a genus of brush-footed butterflies. The genera Aglais, Inachis, Polygonia and Kaniska, were sometimes included as subgenera of Nymphalis but they may instead be treated as distinct genera. See also anglewing butterflies. For other butterflies named tortoiseshells, see the genus Aglais.

<i>Polygonia comma</i> Species of butterfly

Polygonia comma, the eastern comma, is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Nymphalinae.

<i>Polygonia egea</i> Species of butterfly

Polygonia egea, the southern comma, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Europe.

<i>Polygonia faunus</i> Species of butterfly

Polygonia faunus, the green comma, Faunus comma, or Faunus anglewing is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

<i>Polygonia progne</i> Species of butterfly

Polygonia progne, the gray comma or grey comma, is a species of Polygonia that occurs in North America.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Compton Tortoiseshell, Butterflies of Canada
  2. 1 2 Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Polygonia vau-album". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  3. "Butterflies and Moths of North America (Compton Tortoiseshell)". Montana State University. Archived from the original on 2008-10-18. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
  4. Kaufman, Kenn; Brock, Jim P. (2003). "Tortoiseshells". Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 200. ISBN   978-0-618-76826-4.
  5. "Species Nymphalis l-album - Compton Tortoiseshell - BugGuide.Net" . Retrieved 2015-07-18.
  6. Martin Gascoigne-Pees, Colin Wiskin, Milan Đurić and Duncan Trew, 2014 The lifecycle of Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) in Serbia including new records and a review of its present status in Europe Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N.F. 35 (1/2): 77–96 (2014).pdf
  7. "Species". Butterfly Conservation Armenia.