Ocotea cymbarum

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Ocotea cymbarum
Ocotea cymbarum.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Ocotea
Species:
O. cymbarum
Binomial name
Ocotea cymbarum

Ocotea cymbarum is a species of Ocotea in the plant family Lauraceae. [2] It is an evergreen tree found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Medical uses

The essential oils from Ocotea cymbarum are often used in the synthesis of MDMA (contracted form of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine); a psychoactive drug of the substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine and substituted amphetamine classes of drugs that is consumed primarily for its euphoric and empathogenic effects. Pharmacologically, MDMA acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

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3,4-Methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, and molly or mandy, is a potent empathogen–entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties primarily used for recreational purposes. The purported pharmacological effects that may be prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Safrole</span> Chemical compound

Safrole is an organic compound with the formula CH2O2C6H3CH2CH=CH2. It is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. A member of the phenylpropanoid family of natural products, it is found in sassafras plants, among others. Small amounts are found in a wide variety of plants, where it functions as a natural antifeedant. Ocotea pretiosa, which grows in Brazil, and Sassafras albidum, which grows in eastern North America, are the main natural sources of safrole. It has a characteristic "sweet-shop" aroma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Empathogen–entactogen</span> Class of psychoactive drugs that produce empathic experiences

Empathogens or entactogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This class of drug is distinguished from the classes of hallucinogen or psychedelic, and amphetamine or stimulants. Major members of this class include MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MDOH, MBDB, 5-APB, 5-MAPB, 6-APB, 6-MAPB, methylone, mephedrone, GHB, αMT, and αET, MDAI among others. Most entactogens are phenethylamines and amphetamines, although several, such as αMT and αET, are tryptamines. When referring to MDMA and its counterparts, the term MDxx is often used. Entactogens are sometimes incorrectly referred to as hallucinogens or stimulants, although many entactogens such as ecstasy exhibit psychedelic or stimulant properties as well.

<i>Ocotea</i> Genus of trees

Ocotea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. Many are evergreen trees with lauroid leaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methylone</span> Group of stereoisomers

Methylone, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (MDMC), is an empathogen and stimulant psychoactive drug. It is a member of the amphetamine, cathinone and methylenedioxyphenethylamine classes.

<i>Ocotea aciphylla</i> Species of plant

Ocotea aciphylla is a species of Ocotea in the plant family Lauraceae. It forms a tree 12–18 m tall. It has small hermaphrodite flowers of 3–4 mm long. It is found in the Amazon river basin mostly to 1200 m.

<i>Ocotea basicordatifolia</i> Species of tree

Ocotea basicordatifolia is a species of Ocotea in the plant family Lauraceae.

<i>Ocotea benthamiana</i> Species of tree

Ocotea benthamiana is a species of Ocotea in the plant family Lauraceae. It is an evergreen tree to 25–35 m tall. Its conservation status is classed as vulnerable.

<i>Ocotea catharinensis</i> Species of tree

Ocotea catharinensis is a member of the plant family Lauraceae. It is a slow-growing evergreen, a valuable hardwood tree of broad ecological importance, and it is threatened by habitat loss and by overexploitation for its timber and essential oils.

<i>Ocotea kenyensis</i> Species of tree

Ocotea kenyensis is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ocotea langsdorffii is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae.

<i>Ocotea porosa</i> Species of tree

Ocotea porosa, commonly called imbuia or Brazilian walnut, is a species of plant in the Lauraceae family. Its wood is very hard, and it is a major commercial timber species in Brazil.

<i>Ocotea odorifera</i> Species of tree

Ocotea odorifera is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is an evergreen tree in the genus Ocotea.

<i>Ocotea puberula</i> Species of plant

Ocotea puberula is a species of evergreen tree in the plant genus Ocotea of the family Lauraceae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, and Suriname.

Ocotea rivularis is a species of evergreen tree in the plant genus Ocotea of the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Costa Rica.

Ocotea rotundata is a species of evergreen tree in the genus of plants Ocotea, in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Ocotea staminoides is a species of evergreen tree in the plant genus Ocotea of the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.

Ocotea uxpanapana is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is a species of evergreen tree in the genus Ocotea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnoliids</span> Clade of flowering plants

Magnoliids are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angiosperms after the eudicots and monocots. The group is characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen with one pore, and usually branching-veined leaves.

Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP).

References

  1. de Kok, R. (2022). "Mespilodaphne cymbarum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T32488A198141056. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T32488A198141056.en . Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  2. "Ocotea cymbarum Kunth". The Plant List. Retrieved 2017-08-02.