↑ Schiner, I.R. (1855). "Diptera Austriaca II. Die osterreichischen Stratiomyden und Xylophagiden". Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 5: 613–682.
↑ Zeegers, T.; Schulten, A. (2022). Families of Flies with Three Pulvilli: Field Guide Northwest Europe. Graveland: Jeugdbondsuitgeverij. pp.256pp. ISBN9789051070682.
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