Olive-backed forest robin | |
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Male | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Muscicapidae |
Genus: | Stiphrornis |
Species: | |
Subspecies: | S. e. pyrrholaemus |
Trinomial name | |
Stiphrornis erythrothorax pyrrholaemus Schmidt et al., 2008 [2] | |
Synonyms | |
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The olive-backed forest robin (Stiphrornis erythrothorax pyrrholaemus) is a subspecies of the forest robin found in the Gamba Complex in southwest Gabon. It was described in 2008. The olive-backed forest robin can be separated from other subspecies of the forest robin by the combination of its olive upperparts, bright orange throat and chest, and cream-yellow belly. Its song is also distinct from other subspecies of the forest robin. Females are generally duller than males. [2] It has not been evaluated by IUCN, but has been described as locally common. [2]
Though this subspecies was described recently, a juvenile appears to have been collected on 11 November 1953 in Tchibanga, Gabon. The specimen is deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris. Its identity was confirmed by comparison of the DNA sequences. [2]
All taxa within the genus Stiphrornis were considered part of a single species, S. erythrothorax, until 1999, when it was argued, based on the phylogenetic species concept, that all then-recognized taxa should be considered monotypic species. [3] The split was not followed in Handbook of the Birds of the World, where it was described as "perhaps premature". [4] Comparably, the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group (and consequently IUCN) recommended not following the split, as differences in plumages are relatively small, genetic sampling was considered incomplete, and evidence for intergradation or parapatry is lacking. [5] Based on mtDNA, S. pyrrholaemus is placed within S. erythrothorax sensu lato , and consequently is considered a species (rather than a subspecies of S. erythrothorax) only if at least some of the taxonomy recommended in 1999 is followed. [2] The genetic divergence between S. pyrrholaemus and other members of the genus is comparable to that between some other closely related species. [2] Clements also split the species.
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The yelkouan shearwater, Levantine shearwater or Mediterranean shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the Manx shearwater.
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The Sangha forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin that is endemic to south-western Central African Republic, but may also occur in adjacent parts of DR Congo, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo. It was only discovered in 1996, and scientifically described in 1999. When recognized as a species by IUCN, it was considered data deficient, but following recommendations by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, IUCN now consider it a subspecies of the forest robin. It has been described as common. Clements includes this subspecies in the yellow-breasted forest robinspecies group, Stiphrornis mabirae.
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The western forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin found at low levels in West African forests from Sierra Leone to Nigeria. It has been placed in the family Turdidae, but is now generally placed in Muscicapidae. It commonly includes the other members in the genus Stiphrornis as subspecies, in which case the common name for the "combined species" simply is forest robin. The western forest robin can be separate from the other members of the genus by the combination of its deep orange throat and breast, white belly, and olive upperparts. It also appears to differ vocally from the other members in the genus, but a comprehensive study on this is lacking. When considered conspecific with the other members from its genus, S. erythrothorax is considered to be of least concern by IUCN. While not rated following the split into several species, it has been described as frequent to locally abundant, and is therefore unlikely to qualify for a threatened category.
The forest robin or orange-breasted forest robin is a species of bird from Central and West Africa. It is monotypic in the genus Stiphrornis. It has been placed in the family Turdidae, but is now generally placed in Muscicapidae in the group popularly known as chats. Most taxonomists consider it a single species, but some reviews have recommended recognizing 5 species. It has a total length of around 12 cm, has dark upperparts, and a throat and chest that, depending on the subspecies, is yellow-orange or deep orange.
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