Related Research Articles
A midge is any small fly, including species in several families of non-mosquito Nematoceran Diptera. Midges are found on practically every land area outside permanently arid deserts and the frigid zones. Some midges, such as many Phlebotominae and Simuliidae, are vectors of various diseases. Many others play useful roles as prey items for insectivores, such as various frogs and swallows. Others are important as detritivores, and form part of various nutrient cycles. The habits of midges vary greatly from species to species, though within any particular family, midges commonly have similar ecological roles.
Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long. They are characterised by hairy wings, unusual in the order Diptera, and have long antennae. Some Cecidomyiids are also known for the strange phenomenon of paedogenesis in which the larval stage reproduces without maturing first. In some species, the daughter larvae consume the mother, while in others, reproduction occurs later on in the egg or pupa.
Isachne is a widespread genus of tropical and subtropical plants in the grass family, found in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. They may be known generally as bloodgrasses.
Orseolia oryzae, also called the Asian rice gall midge, is a species of small fly in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is a major insect pest of rice. The damage to the crop is done by the larvae which form galls commonly known as "silver shoots" or "onion shoots". The rice plant is stunted and the seed heads fail to develop.
Daphnephila taiwanensis is a species of gall midges first associated with leaf galls on Lauraceae species, particularly Machilus thunbergii in Taiwan. Based on analysis on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, it has been suggested that in this genus, the stem-galling habit is a more ancestral state as opposed to the leaf-galling habit. This genus appears to have originated tropically and dispersed to Japan through Taiwan.
Daphnephila sueyenae is a species of gall midges first associated with leaf galls on Lauraceae species, particularly Machilus thunbergii in Taiwan. Based on analysis on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, it has been suggested that in this genus, the stem-galling habit is a more ancestral state as opposed to the leaf-galling habit. This genus appears to have originated tropically and dispersed to Japan through Taiwan.
Daphnephila stenocalia is a species of gall midges first associated with leaf galls on Lauraceae species, particularly Machilus thunbergii in Taiwan. Based on analysis on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, it has been suggested that in this genus, the stem-galling habit is a more ancestral state as opposed to the leaf-galling habit. This genus appears to have originated tropically and dispersed to Japan through Taiwan.
Ampelomyia viticola, the grape tube gallmaker, is a species of gall midge found in the eastern United States and Canada. It produces green or bright red galls on new world grape vines.
Asphondyliini is a tribe of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are about six genera and at least 100 described species in Asphondyliini.
Polystepha is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are more than 20 described species in Polystepha.
Paradiplosis is a genus of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are at least four described species in Paradiplosis.
Pinyonia is a genus of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. There is at least one described species in Pinyonia, P. edulicola.
Aprionus is a genus of wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are at least 130 described species in Aprionus.
Obolodiplosis is a genus of gall midges. There is at least one described species in Obolodiplosis, O. robiniae.
Winnertziinae is a subfamily of gall midges and wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.
Sackenomyia is a genus of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are about five described species in Sackenomyia.
Olpodiplosis is a genus of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. There is at least one described species in Olpodiplosis, O. helianthi.
Pilodiplosis is a genus of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. There is at least one described species in Pilodiplosis, P. helianthibulla.
Daphnephila is a genus of gall midge that appears in the Palearctic and Oriental biogeographic realms. Daphnephila species create leaf and stem galls on species of laurel plants, particularly in Machilus. Based on analysis on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, it has been suggested that in this genus, the stem-galling habit is a more ancestral state as opposed to the leaf-galling habit.
Anabremia is a genus of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae.
References
- 1 2 Harris, K. M; Gagné, R. J. (1982). "Description of the African rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzivora sp. n., with comparative notes on the Asian rice gall midge, O. oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)". Bulletin of Entomological Research . Cambridge University Press (CUP). 72 (3): 467–472. doi:10.1017/s000748530001364x. ISSN 0007-4853.
- ↑ Heath, Jeffrey. "Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country".
- ↑ Harris, M. O.; Stuart, J. J.; Mohan, M.; Nair, S.; Lamb, R. J.; Rohfritsch, O. (2003). "Grasses and Gall Midges: Plant Defense and Insect Adaptation". Annual Review of Entomology . Annual Reviews. 48 (1): 549–577. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112559. ISSN 0066-4170.
 | This article relates to members of the fly infraorder Bibionomorpha is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |