Ourisia biflora

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Ourisia biflora
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Ourisia
Species:
O. biflora
Binomial name
Ourisia biflora


Ourisia biflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia. Hugh Algernon Weddell described O. biflora in 1860. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with opposite, and often hairy leaves. There can be up to two flowers on a short raceme, and each flower has a regular calyx, and a long, regular, tubular-funnelform, white corolla (tinged pink or violet) with included stamens. The calyx is densely hairy, whereas the corolla is hairless on the outside but densely hairy on the inside near the tube opening.

Contents

Taxonomy

Ourisia biflora is in the plant family Plantaginaceae. [2] Anglo-French botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell described O. biflora in his book, Chloris Andina, in 1860. [1] [3]

The type material was collected in 1857 by French botanist and mining engineer Gilbert Mandon in the mountains near Sorata in Bolivia. [1] [3] The holotype is housed at the National Museum of Natural History, France (herbarium P). [4] [3]

Ourisia biflora is one of five species of Ourisia in the Tropical Andes, together with O. muscosa, O. pulchella, O. chamaedrifolia, and O. cotapatensis . [5] All five species are in the herbaceous subgenus Ourisia. [3] Of these, O. biflora is perhaps most similar to O. muscosa, with which it shares small, regular corollas (less than 9 mm long) and small leaves (less than 6 mm long). It can be distinguished from O. muscosa by its crenate, undulate or subentire leaves (vs. entire leaves), corollas longer than 5.5 mm long (vs. less than 5 mm), lanceolate to narrowly ovate sepals (vs. ovate to very broadly ovate), and floral bracts low on the pedicel and not covering the calyx (vs. much higher on the pedicel that cover the calyx of each flower). [5] Ourisia biflora is also larger (>11.6 mm tall) with larger leaves (>3.5 mm long) compared to O. muscosa. [3]

Description

Ourisia biflora plants are perennial, repent herbs. The short stems are 1.1–1.4 mm wide, and glabrous (hairless) or hairy with short non-glandular hairs. Leaves are tightly clustered, often tufted near the growing tip of the stem, opposite, petiolate, 3.5–6.1 mm long by 2.6–4.4 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.3–1.4:1). Leaf petioles are 1.3–7.0 mm long and sparsely hairy with short non-glandular hairs mostly near the edges. Leaf blades are narrowly ovate or ovate, are widest below the middle, with a rounded or subacute apex, usually cuneate base, and obscurely toothed edges. Leaves on both surfaces are hairy with a short, sparsely to densely distributed non-glandular hairs. Inflorescences are erect, with hairy racemes up to 13 mm long, and with 1–2 flowering nodes and up to 2 total flowers per raceme. Each flowering node has 1 flower and 2 petiolate to nearly sessile bracts that are oblanceolate to narrowly obovate. The bracts are similar to the leaves but smaller, 3.3–4.6 mm long and 1.4–1.6 mm wide. The flowers are borne on a pedicel that is up to 3.4 mm long and has sparsely to densely distributed, short non-glandular hairs. The calyx is 3.1–3.8 mm long, irregular, with three lobes divided to half the length of the calyx, and two lobes divided to three-quarters the length of the calyx, densely hairy with short non-glandular hairs on the outside of the calyx. The corolla is less than 9 mm long (including a 5.3–6.0 mm long corolla tube), regular, tubular-funnelform, white and tinged pink or violet, glabrous on the outside, and densely hairy inside at the tube opening. The corolla lobes are 1.3–2.8 mm long, spreading, obovate or obcordate, and with irregular edges. There are 4 stamens which are didynamous, with two long stamens that are included within the corolla tube or reaching the tube opening, and two short stamens that are included; a short staminode is also present. The style, ovary, fruits and seeds have not been described. [3]

Ourisia biflora flowers in November, but its fruiting period is unknown. [3]

The chromosome number of Ourisia biflora is unknown. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Ourisia biflora is known only from the altiplano in southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia from c. 14°-16°S. [3] [5] This species is found on rocks in high-elevation wet puna habitats from 3500 to 5000 m above sea level. [3] [6] There are few herbarium specimens or observations of it. [3] [7] [8] The species has been reported recently in Peru from Cusco department [9] and the Carabaya mountain range in Puno department, [10] and in Bolivia in La Paz department [6] including in Madidi National Park. [11]

Phylogeny

Four of the five Tropical Andean species of Ourisia were sampled for phylogenetic analysis of all species of the genus Ourisia, using standard DNA sequencing markers (two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers and two chloroplast DNA regions) and morphological data, however O. biflora was unable to be included. [12] [13]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Ourisia simpsonii</i> Species of flowering plants

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<i>Ourisia sessilifolia <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> sessilifolia</i> Subspecies of flowering plants

Ourisia sessilifolia subsp. sessilifolia is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. sessilifolia in 1864. Plants of this subspecies of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved, rosette herbs that are covered in a mixture of short glandular hairs and long non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are in a basal rosette. The flowers are in pairs or whorls in each node, with a and regular calyx and a white regular corolla. The corolla tube is purple inside, with three lines of white hairs inside, and purple outside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

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<i>Ourisia modesta</i> Species of flowering plants

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<i>Ourisia calycina</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia calycina is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand and was described by William Colenso in 1889. Plants of this species are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous (hairless) or with some non-glandular hairs. They have broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, a large, white irregular corolla, and fruits up to 1 cm long. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia macrocarpa</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia macrocarpa or snowy mountain foxglove is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. macrocarpa in 1853. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous (hairless) or with some non-glandular hairs. They have broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with an irregular calyx, a large, white irregular corolla, and fruits up to 1 cm long. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia crosbyi</i> Species of flowering plants

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<i>Ourisia macrophylla</i> Species of flowering plants

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<i>Ourisia macrophylla <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> macrophylla</i> Subspecies of flowering plants

Ourisia macrophylla subsp. macrophylla is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. William Jackson Hooker described O. macrophylla in 1843. Plants of this subspecies of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are often glabrous (hairless) or sometimes hairy with non-glandular or glandular hairs. They have crenate, ovate to heart-shaped leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, and a large, white irregular corolla. The calyx and floral bracts lack glandular hairs. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is found in montane to subalpine habitats and is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia vulcanica</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia vulcanica is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described O. vulcanica in 1961. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, rhizomatous herbs that can be hairy with non-glandular hairs or sometimes glabrous. They have crenate, ovate leaves. The flowers are usually in pairs in each node, with an irregular calyx, and a white irregular corolla. The calyx and floral bracts have non-glandular hairs. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of hairs and a ring of hairs inside. It is only found in the Volcanic Plateau area and is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon.

<i>Ourisia integrifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia integrifolia or mountain whitebell is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. Robert Brown described O. integrifolia in 1810. Plants of this species of Australian foxglove are showy, perennial, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous but can have some non-glandular hairs. They have crenate or notched, ovate to broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are usually single or in pairs in each node in the inflorescence, with a regular calyx, and a white sub-regular corolla. The corolla tube is yellow with and glabrous inside.

<i>Ourisia microphylla</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia microphylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of southern Chile and Argentina. Eduard Poeppig and Stephan Endlicher described O. microphylla in 1835. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with entire, decussate leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a pink to white regular corolla. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, and the corolla tube is glabrous inside.

<i>Ourisia polyantha</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia polyantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of central Chile. Eduard Poeppig and Stephan Endlicher described O. polyantha in 1835. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with entire, decussate leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, and the corolla tube is red, but yellow and glabrous inside.

<i>Ourisia serpyllifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia serpyllifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of central Chile. George Bentham described O. serpyllifolia in 1846. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with toothed, opposite leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla. The calyx and corolla both have tiny glandular hairs. The corolla is violet, but the corolla tube is yellow and hairy inside.

<i>Ourisia muscosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Ourisia muscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to páramo habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. George Bentham described O. muscosa in 1846. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with entire and tightly clustered, sometimes opposite, leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla, and with two floral bracts that cover the calyx. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, whereas the corolla is glabrous and white on the outside, and yellow and hairy inside.

<i>Ourisia chamaedrifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Ourisia chamaedrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to páramo habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. George Bentham described O. chamaedrifolia in 1846. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with opposite, crenate, and often hairy leaves. There can be up to four flowers on a short raceme, and each flower has a regular calyx, and a long, tubular, red or orange-red nearly bilabiate corolla with exserted stamens. The calyx and corolla are often hairless.

Ourisia cotapatensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of the La Paz Department in Bolivia. Heidi Meudt and Stephan Georg Beck described O. cotapatensis in 2003. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with opposite, anisophyllous, punctate, hairy leaves. There can be up to four flowers on a short raceme, and each flower has a regular calyx, and a violet, tubular-funnelform, bilabiate corolla with purple spots in the corolla tube and included stamens. The calyx is hairy on the outside, and the corolla has a ring of hairs at the tube opening as well as a line of hairs on the inside. This species is known only from Cotapata National Park, for which it is named.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Weddell, H. A. (1857). Chloris andina : essai d'une flore de la région alpine des Cordillères de l'Amérique du Sud. Vol. 1857 v. 2. Paris: P. Bertrand. p. 117.
  2. ↑ "Ourisia biflora Wedd. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Meudt, Heidi (24 April 2006). Monograph of Ourisia (Plantaginaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs. Vol. 77. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. ISBN   978-0-912861-77-7.
  4. ↑ "Holotype of Ourisia biflora Wedd. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE] on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  5. 1 2 3 Meudt, Heidi; Beck, Stephan G. (1 December 2003). "Ourisia cotapatensis (Scrophulariaceae s.l.), a new species from Bolivia". Lundellia. 6 (1): 97–102. doi:10.25224/1097-993X-6.1.3.
  6. 1 2 Ramírez, Mónica Moraes; Maldonado, Carla; Zenteno-Ruiz, Freddy S.; Meneses, Rosa Isela (1 January 2018). "Vegetación y plantas con riesgos de conservación en los Andes tropicales de Bolivia, Conservation risked vegetation types and plants of the tropical Andes of Bolivia". Kempffiana. 14 (2): 1–41.
  7. ↑ "Ourisia biflora". iNaturalist NZ. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  8. ↑ "Ourisia biflora Wedd". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  9. ↑ danplant (29 March 2020). "Ourisia biflora". iNaturalist NZ. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  10. ↑ Gonzáles, Paúl; León, Blanca; Cano, Asunción; Jørgensen, Peter M. (25 September 2018). "Vascular flora and phytogeographical links of the Carabaya Mountains, Peru". Revista Peruana de Biologia. 25 (3): 191–210. doi: 10.15381/RPB.V25I3.15228 .
  11. ↑ Fuentes, Alfredo Fernando (1 January 2018). "Novedades florísticas de la región del Madidi: Nuevos registros de plantas vasculares, adiciones al catálogo de bolivia y especies poco conocidas". Kempffiana (in Spanish). 14 (2): 42–62.
  12. ↑ Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (18 April 2006). "The biogeography of the austral, subalpine genus Ourisia (Plantaginaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic evidence: South American origin and dispersal to New Zealand and Tasmania". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87 (4): 479–513. doi:10.1111/J.1095-8312.2006.00584.X.
  13. ↑ Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (1 October 2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in Ourisia (Plantaginaceae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 94 (3): 554–570. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[554:PAOMCI]2.0.CO;2.
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