Ourisia integrifolia

Ourisia integrifolia
Ourisia integrifolia plant observed at Mt Field National Park, Tasmania, Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Plantaginaceae
Genus:	Ourisia
Species:	O. integrifolia
Binomial name
Ourisia integrifolia (R.Br.) [1]
class=notpageimage| Range of O. integrifolia (precise locations only). [2]

Ourisia integrifolia or mountain whitebell is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. Robert Brown described O. integrifolia in 1810. Plants of this species of Australian foxglove are showy, perennial, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous but can have some non-glandular hairs. They have crenate or notched, ovate to broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are usually single or in pairs in each node in the inflorescence, with a regular calyx, and a white sub-regular corolla. The corolla tube is yellow with and glabrous inside.

Taxonomy

Ourisia integrifolia R.Br. is in the plant family Plantaginaceae. ^[3] Robert Brown described O. integrifolia in 1810 in his Prodromus. ^{[1] [4]} It is also known as mountain whitebell. ^[5]

Close-up of sub-regular white corolla

The type material was collected by Robert Brown in 1804 at "Table Mountain" (Mt Wellington). ^[4] The lectotype and an isolectotype are housed at Herbarium BM at the Natural History Museum, London. ^{[4] [6] [7]}

Ourisia integrifolia plants are mostly glabrous (hairless) to perennials with short inflorescences that have one or two flowers per node, a regular calyx with hairs along the edges of the lobes, and white sub-regular corollas that are glabrous inside the corolla tube. ^[4]

O. integrifolia shares some characteristics with the South American species of Ourisia, and other characteristics of the New Zealand species. ^[4] For example, its white corollas are similar to all New Zealand species and a few South American species, whereas its sub-regular corolla is shared with a few South American species. It has a glabrous corolla tube like most South American species and a few New Zealand species (O. glandulosa, O. simpsonii, O. spathulata and O. confertifolia). ^[4] Finally, the seeds of O. integrifolia are the second largest in the genus at 1.1 to 1.7 mm long, and are morphologically similar to the seeds of the South American herbaceous species of Ourisia. ^[4]

Description

Ourisia integrifolia plants are perennial sub-rosette herbs. The stems are creeping, with opposite leaves that are tightly tufted along the horizontal stem. Leaf petioles are 2.5–24.3 mm long. Leaves are 2.3–14.5 mm long by 1.6–11.0 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.1–1.5: 1). Lamina is usually ovate to broadly ovate, widest below the middle, with a rounded apex, cuneate base, and notched or crenate edges. Leaves are glabrous or with few non-glandular hairs on the upper surface near the edges and petiole, and punctate on the lower surface. Inflorescences are erect, with racemes mostly glabrous but sometimes with a few non-glandular hairs, up to 17.5 cm long, and with 1–2 flowering nodes and up to 3 total flowers per raceme. Each flowering node has up to 2 flowers and 2 sessile and sometimes clasping bracts that are usually oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, and glabrous or hairy with non-glandular hairs near the edges. The lowest bracts are similar to the leaves, 4.1–9.3 mm long and 2.2–4.6 mm wide, and become smaller toward the apex of the raceme. The flowers are borne on a mostly glabrous pedicel that is up to 46.6 mm long and may have a few non-glandular hairs near the calyx. The calyx is 5.6–6.8 mm long, regular, all lobes divided nearly to the base, glabrous or with isolated to sparsely distributed non-glandular hairs. The corolla is 8.7–13.0 mm long (including the 2.0–5.0 mm long corolla tube), sub-regular (not strongly bilabiate), tubular-funnelform, glabrous and white or pale bluish on the outside, and yellow to greenish-yellow and glabrous on the inside. The corolla lobes are 5.3–8.5 mm long, spreading, and obovate to obcordate. There are 4 stamens up to 6.0 mm long which are didynamous, with two long stamens that are usually reaching the corolla tube opening, and two short stamens that are also usually reaching the corolla tube opening; a short staminode 0.7–1.2 mm long is also present. The style is 1.2–1.7mm long, included, with an emarginate stigma. The ovary is 2.1–3.0 mm long and usually glabrous. Fruits are capsules 5.7–7.1mm long and 4.0–5.7 mm wide with loculicidal dehiscence and pedicels up to 6.5 cm long. It is unknown how many seeds are in each capsule, and seeds are 1.1–1.7mm long and 0.6–1.1 mm wide, with a two-layered, reticulate seed coat. ^{[4] [8]}

Ourisia integrifolia flowers from December to February and fruits from January to March. ^[4]

The chromosome number of Ourisiaintegrifolia is 2n=32. ^[9]

• 
  Leaves
• 
  Close-up of leaves
• 
  Leaves
• 
  Inflorescence with two flowers, showing corolla and stamens (right) and calyx, ovary and style (left)
• 
  Side view of corolla and calyx

Distribution and habitat

Ourisia integrifolia is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. ^{[4] [5]}

This species is usually found at or above the bushline, in montane to alpine, damp to wet herbfields, bogs, shrubland, and plateaus, in shady areas near streams or waterfalls, from 800 to 1615 m above sea level. ^[4]

Phylogeny

Two individuals of O. integrifolia were included in phylogenetic analyses of all species of the genus Ourisia using standard DNA sequencing markers (two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers and two chloroplast DNA regions) and morphological data. ^{[10] [11]} The placement of O. integrifolia was not fully resolved by this analysis, and depending on the analysis, it was either placed sister to the New Zealand clade, or sister to a clade of New Zealand + South American herbaceous species. ^{[10] [11]}

In another phylogenetic study using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), six individuals were sampled of O. integrifolia. ^[12] O. integrifolia was monophyletic with high support in the phylogenetic analyses of AFLP data, and was used as an outgroup to the New Zealand species and to root the tree. ^[12] The six sampled individuals of O. integrifolia also comprised one of the significant clusters in the Bayesian clustering analysis. ^[12]

References

1. Brown, Robert; Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus floræ Novæ Hollandiæ et Insulæ Van-Diemen : exhibens characteres plantarum quas annis 1802–1805. Londini: typis R. Taylor et socii. p. 439. O. integrifolia, glabra, caule repenti, foliis subovatis integerrimis, pedunculo terminali subsolitario, calyce profundè 5-fido aequali. (D.) v. v.[O. integrifolia, glabrous, crawling stem, subovate entire leaves, subsolitary terminal peduncles, 5-lobed equal deep calyx. (D.) v. v.]
2. GBIF (2024). "Ourisia integrifolia R.Br. Occurrence Download". Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
3. Australia, Atlas of Living. "Species: Ourisia integrifolia". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
4. Meudt, Heidi (24 April 2006). "Monograph of Ourisia (Plantaginaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 77: 1–188.
5. Hans Wapstra; Annie Wapstra; Wapstra, M.; Gilfedder, L. (2005), The Little Book of Common Names for Tasmanian Plants (PDF), Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Wikidata   Q126934647
6. "Isolectotype of Ourisia vulcanica BM001040716". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
7. "Lectotype of Ourisia integrifolia BM000759472". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
8. Webb, Colin; Simpson, Margaret Jane Annand (1 January 2001). Seeds of New Zealand Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Caxton Press, Manuka Press.
9. Hair, J. B.; Arroyo, M. T. Kalin; Beuzeberg, E. J. (1 July 1984). "Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora — 28 Ourisia (Scrophulariaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 22 (3): 357–359. Bibcode:1984NZJB...22..357H. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1984.10425267.
10. Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (18 April 2006). "The biogeography of the austral, subalpine genus Ourisia (Plantaginaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic evidence: South American origin and dispersal to New Zealand and Tasmania". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87 (4): 479–513. doi:10.1111/J.1095-8312.2006.00584.X.
11. Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (1 October 2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in Ourisia (Plantaginaceae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 94 (3): 554–570. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[554:PAOMCI]2.0.CO;2.
12. Meudt, Heidi; Lockhart, Peter; Bryant, David M. (20 May 2009). "Species delimitation and phylogeny of a New Zealand plant species radiation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 111. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..111M. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-111 . PMC   2700801 . PMID   19457251.

External links

• Media related to Ourisia integrifolia at Wikimedia Commons
• Ourisia integrifolia' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium