Ourisia microphylla

Last updated • 5 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Ourisia microphylla
Ourisia microphylla 403752331.jpeg
Ourisia microphylla plant observed at Neuquén, Argentina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Ourisia
Species:
O. microphylla
Binomial name
Ourisia microphylla
Original illustration of O. microphylla, from Nova Genera Nova genera ac species plantarum, quas in regno Chilensi Peruviano et in terra Amazonica (Pl. 007) (8618396405).jpg
Original illustration of O. microphylla, from Nova Genera

Ourisia microphylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of southern Chile and Argentina. Eduard Poeppig and Stephan Endlicher described O. microphylla in 1835. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with entire, decussate leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a pink to white regular corolla. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, and the corolla tube is glabrous inside.

Contents

Taxonomy

Ourisia microphylla Poepp. & Endl. is in the plant family Plantaginaceae. [2] German botanist Eduard Poeppig and Austrian botanist Stephan Endlicher described O. microphylla in 1835 in their publication, Nova Genera. [1] [3]

The type material was collected by Poeppig in the Andes mountains of the Biobío Region of Chile at "Tvun Leuvu" [Truvún Leuvú (Mapuche language), or Trubunleo] and Sierra Velluda in January 1830. [1] [3] The lectotype was designated by Heidi Meudt and is housed at the Herbarium W at the Natural History Museum, Vienna, [4] with isolectotypes at several other herbaria. [3]

Ourisia microphylla is the type species of Ourisia subgenus Suffruticosae Meudt. The other two species in this subgenus are O. polyantha and O. serpyllifolia, and these three southern Andean species share a suffruticose, many-branched habit with sessile, opposite to decussate leaves, and solitary flowers. They also have tiny glandular hairs on the regular calyx, and rectangular, linear oblong to narrowly oblong seeds. [3]

Ourisia microphylla can be distinguished from O. polyantha by its pink or white corollas that are less than 15 mm long (vs. red corollas that are yellow inside the tube and longer than 15 mm) and its short stamens less than 5 mm long, with filaments attached half-way down the corolla tube (vs. long stamens over 16 mm long, with filaments attached near the tube opening). [3]

It can be distinguished from O. serpyllifolia by its decussate, entire leaves (vs. not decussate, and toothed), pink or white corollas that are glabrous inside (vs. lilac corollas that are yellow and hairy inside), s-shaped style (vs. style distinctively bent just below stigma), and reniform or kidney-shaped anthers (vs. linear). [3]

Description

Ourisia microphylla plants are perennial suffruticose, many-branched herbs. The stems are woody at the base, with opposite, decussate leaves along the branches. Branches are 1–13 cm long, 0.2–0.9 mm wide, and glabrous except for few, tiny glandular hairs near the branch tips. Leaves are sessile, 1.0–3.9 mm long by 0.6–2.6 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.8–2.9:1). The lamina can be lanceolate, ovate, oblanceolate, obovate, elliptic or rhombic, widest below, at or above the middle, with a rounded to subacute apex, cuneate base, and smooth edges. Leaves are glabrous, but some leaves near the tips of branches have few, tiny glandular hairs. Flowers are solitary, axillary, and each plant can have up to 80 or more flowers. Bracts are absent at flowering nodes. The flowers are borne on a pedicel that is up to 5.9 mm long and has sparsely distributed, short glandular hairs. The calyx is 2.4–4.6 mm long, regular, with all lobes divided nearly to the base, and covered inside and outside with sparsely distributed short glandular hairs. The corolla is 9.8–14.5 mm long (including the 4.9–10.0 mm long corolla tube), regular, tubular-funnelform to salverform, pink, pink-purple or white and with tiny glandular hairs on the outside, and glabrous on the inside, with the exception of some glandular hairs at the base of the filaments of two or all four stamens. The corolla lobes are 2.7–5.1 mm long, spreading to explanate, and obovate. There are 4 stamens up to 5.0 mm long which are didynamous, with two long stamens that are included within the corolla tube, and two short stamens that are also included within the corolla tube; a short staminode 0.3–2.0 mm long is also present. The style is 1.3–3.4 mm long, included, with an capitate or flat stigma. The ovary is 1.1–1.6 mm long and usually glabrous. Fruits are capsules 1.7–2.7 mm long and 1.5–2.5 mm wide with loculicidal and partially septicidal dehiscence and pedicels up to 3.2 mm long. There are c. 200 tiny seeds in each capsule, and seeds are 0.6– 0.7 mm long and 0.1–0.2 mm wide, rectangular, linear-oblong to narrowly oblong, with a two-layered, reticulate (having a net-like pattern) seed coat with long, narrow, rectangular primary reticula and regular secondary reticula. [3]

Ourisia mircophylla flowers and fruits mainly December to February, but flowering can extend to May and fruiting until April. [3]

The chromosome number of Ourisiamicrophylla is 2n=16 [3] or 32. [5]

O. microphylla growing in a crevice of a rock face near Laguna del Maule, Chile Ourisia microphylla 31712412.jpeg
O. microphylla growing in a crevice of a rock face near Laguna del Maule, Chile

Distribution and habitat

Ourisia microphylla is endemic to the Andes mountainous in southern Chile and Argentina, from 35 to 38°S latitude. [3] [6] [5] In Chile, it is distributed in Maule and Biobío Region Regions, and in Argentina it is found in southern Mendoza and northern Neuquén Provinces. [3]

O. microphylla is found from 800 to 2200 m above sea level, in montane or alpine habitats, often on rock faces or in crevices, near waterfalls or streams, and can be locally abundant. [3]

Phylogeny

One individual of O. microphylla was included in phylogenetic analyses of all species of the genus Ourisia using standard DNA sequencing markers (two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers and two chloroplast DNA regions) and morphological data. [7] [8] Ourisia microphylla was always placed with high support in the suffruticose clade, and was highly supported as sister to the other two suffruticose species, O. polyantha and O. serpyllifolia. [8] [7]

Cultivation

Both white- and pink-flowered Ourisia microphylla have been successfully cultivated by rock gardening enthusiasts, and artificial interspecific hybrids have been made between O. microphylla and another suffruticose species, O. polyantha. [9] These hybrids have been named Ourisia ×bitternensis M.Sheader & A.Sheader . [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Ourisia glandulosa</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia glandulosa or is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevations in the southern South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. glandulosa in 1864. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved herbs that have tightly packed, opposite, smooth or irregularly notched leaves, and flowers single or in pairs in each node. The corolla tube is glabrous and yellow inside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia confertifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia confertifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevations in the southern South Island of New Zealand. Mary Kalin Arroyo described O. confertifolia in 1984. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved rosette herbs that have hairy, crenate leaves, and flowers single or in pairs in each node. The corolla tube is glabrous and yellow inside. It is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon.

<i>Ourisia spathulata</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia spathulata is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in Southland on the South Island of New Zealand. Mary Kalin Arroyo described O. spathulata in 1984. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved herbs that are covered in a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs. They have velvety, hairy, crenate, spathulate leaves that are oppositely arranged and tightly packed along the creeping stem. The flowers are single or in pairs in each node, with a zygomorphic calyx and corolla. The corolla is white and the corolla tube is glabrous and yellow inside. It is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon.

<i>Ourisia remotifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia remotifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island of New Zealand. Mary Kalin Arroyo described O. remotifolia in 1984. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved herbs that are covered in a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are oppositely arranged and tightly packed along the creeping stem. The flowers are single or in pairs in each node, with a zygomorphic calyx and corolla. The corolla is white and the corolla tube is purple inside with three lines of white hairs. It is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon.

<i>Ourisia simpsonii</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia simpsonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island of New Zealand. Mary Kalin Arroyo elevated O. simpsonii to species rank in 1984. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved herbs that are covered in a mixture of long glandular and non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are in a basal rosette. The flowers are single or in pairs in each node, with a zygomorphic calyx and corolla. The corolla is white and the corolla tube is yellow and glabrous inside, and purple outside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia sessilifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia sessilifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. sessilifolia in 1864. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved, rosette herbs that are covered in a mixture of short glandular hairs and long non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are in a basal rosette. The flowers are in pairs or whorls in each node, with a and regular calyx and a white regular corolla. The corolla tube is purple inside, with one or three lines of white hairs inside, and purple outside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia sessilifolia <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> sessilifolia</i> Subspecies of flowering plants

Ourisia sessilifolia subsp. sessilifolia is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. sessilifolia in 1864. Plants of this subspecies of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved, rosette herbs that are covered in a mixture of short glandular hairs and long non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are in a basal rosette. The flowers are in pairs or whorls in each node, with a and regular calyx and a white regular corolla. The corolla tube is purple inside, with three lines of white hairs inside, and purple outside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia sessilifolia <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> splendida</i> Subspecies of flowering plants

Ourisia sessilifolia subsp. splendida is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. sessilifolia in 1864. Plants of this subspecies of New Zealand mountain foxglove are perennial, small-leaved, rosette herbs that are covered in a mixture of short glandular hairs and long non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are in a basal rosette. The flowers are in pairs or whorls in each node, with a and regular calyx and a white regular corolla. The corolla tube is purple inside, with one line of white hairs inside, and purple outside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia modesta</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia modesta or creeping foxglove is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand and was described by Ludwig Diels in 1909. Plants of this species are perennial, small-leaved, creeping herbs that are mostly glabrous (hairless). They have very broadly ovate to circular leaves that are opposite and widely spaced along a horizontal stem. The flowers are solitary in each node, with an irregular calyx and a small, white irregular corolla. The corolla tube has one line of hairs plus a ring of hairs inside. It is listed as Threatened - Nationally Critical in the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Ourisia calycina</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia calycina is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand and was described by William Colenso in 1889. Plants of this species are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous (hairless) or with some non-glandular hairs. They have broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, a large, white irregular corolla, and fruits up to 1 cm long. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia macrocarpa</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia macrocarpa or snowy mountain foxglove is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described O. macrocarpa in 1853. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous (hairless) or with some non-glandular hairs. They have broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with an irregular calyx, a large, white irregular corolla, and fruits up to 1 cm long. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia crosbyi</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia crosbyi is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Leonard Cockayne described O. crosbyi in 1915. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are hairy with non-glandular hairs. They have serrate, ovate, hairy leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, and a large, white irregular corolla. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is found in montane forests and is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia macrophylla</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia macrophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. William Jackson Hooker described O. macrophylla in 1843. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are often glabrous (hairless) or sometimes hairy with non-glandular or glandular hairs. They have crenate, ovate to heart-shaped leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, and a large, white irregular corolla. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is found in montane to subalpine habitats and is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia macrophylla <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> macrophylla</i> Subspecies of flowering plants

Ourisia macrophylla subsp. macrophylla is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. William Jackson Hooker described O. macrophylla in 1843. Plants of this subspecies of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, large-leaved, tufted, rhizomatous herbs that are often glabrous (hairless) or sometimes hairy with non-glandular or glandular hairs. They have crenate, ovate to heart-shaped leaves. The flowers are in whorls in each node, with a regular calyx, and a large, white irregular corolla. The calyx and floral bracts lack glandular hairs. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of yellow hairs inside. It is found in montane to subalpine habitats and is listed as Not Threatened.

<i>Ourisia vulcanica</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia vulcanica is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described O. vulcanica in 1961. Plants of this species of New Zealand foxglove are showy, perennial, rhizomatous herbs that can be hairy with non-glandular hairs or sometimes glabrous. They have crenate, ovate leaves. The flowers are usually in pairs in each node, with an irregular calyx, and a white irregular corolla. The calyx and floral bracts have non-glandular hairs. The corolla tube is yellow with three lines of hairs and a ring of hairs inside. It is only found in the Volcanic Plateau area and is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon.

<i>Ourisia integrifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia integrifolia or mountain whitebell is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to Tasmania, Australia. Robert Brown described O. integrifolia in 1810. Plants of this species of Australian foxglove are showy, perennial, rhizomatous herbs that are mostly glabrous but can have some non-glandular hairs. They have crenate or notched, ovate to broadly ovate leaves. The flowers are usually single or in pairs in each node in the inflorescence, with a regular calyx, and a white sub-regular corolla. The corolla tube is yellow with and glabrous inside.

<i>Ourisia polyantha</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia polyantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of central Chile. Eduard Poeppig and Stephan Endlicher described O. polyantha in 1835. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with entire, decussate leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, and the corolla tube is red, but yellow and glabrous inside.

<i>Ourisia serpyllifolia</i> Species of flowering plants

Ourisia serpyllifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of central Chile. George Bentham described O. serpyllifolia in 1846. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with toothed, opposite leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla. The calyx and corolla both have tiny glandular hairs. The corolla is violet, but the corolla tube is yellow and hairy inside.

<i>Ourisia muscosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Ourisia muscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to páramo habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. George Bentham described O. muscosa in 1846. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with entire and tightly clustered, sometimes opposite, leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla, and with two floral bracts that cover the calyx. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, whereas the corolla is glabrous and white on the outside, and yellow and hairy inside.

<i>Ourisia chamaedrifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Ourisia chamaedrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to páramo habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. George Bentham described O. chamaedrifolia in 1846. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with opposite, crenate, and often hairy leaves. There can be up to four flowers on a short raceme, and each flower has a regular calyx, and a long, tubular, red or orange-red nearly bilabiate corolla with exserted stamens. The calyx and corolla are often hairless.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Poeppig, Eduard; Bauer, M.; Bogner, Anton; Endlicher, Stephan; Hoffmeister, Friderci (1835). Nova genera ac species plantarum, quas in regno Chilensi Peruviano et in terra Amazonica :annis MDCCCXXVII ad MDCCCXXXII. Vol. v.1. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Sumptibus F. Hofmeister.
  2. ↑ "Ourisia microphylla Poepp. & Endl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Meudt, Heidi (24 April 2006). "Monograph of Ourisia (Plantaginaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 77: 1–188.
  4. ↑ "Letotype of Ourisia microphylla from GBIF". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  5. 1 2 Ricardo Armando Rossow (1993), Estudio anatómico palinológico y sistemático de las especies del género Ourisia (Scrophulariaceae, Rhinanthoideae, Ourisieae) de América del sur (in Spanish), Wikidata   Q130297216
  6. ↑ Ricardo Armando Rossow (1986). "Sinopsis de las especies austroamericanas del género Ourisia (Scrophulariaceae)". Parodiana; Revista de la Unidad Botanica CEFAPRIN (in Spanish). 4 (2): 239–265. ISSN   0325-9684. Wikidata   Q130297252.
  7. 1 2 Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (18 April 2006). "The biogeography of the austral, subalpine genus Ourisia (Plantaginaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic evidence: South American origin and dispersal to New Zealand and Tasmania". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87 (4): 479–513. doi:10.1111/J.1095-8312.2006.00584.X.
  8. 1 2 Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (1 October 2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in Ourisia (Plantaginaceae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 94 (3): 554–570. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[554:PAOMCI]2.0.CO;2.
  9. ↑ Sheader, Martin (April 2020). "The cultivation of Ourisia microphylla, O. polyantha and their hybrids" (PDF). International Rock Gardener. 124: 47–57.
  10. ↑ Martin Sheader; Anna-Liisa Sheader (2004). "Plant Awards 2003-2004". Bull. Alpine Gard. Soc. Gr. Brit. 72 (4): 438-441, 450. Wikidata   Q130370822.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.