Oxalobacter

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Oxalobacter
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
Family: Oxalobacteraceae
Genus: Oxalobacter
Allison et al. 1985
Type species
Oxalobacter formigenes
Species

Oxalobacter aliiformigenes Oxalobacter formigenes Oxalobacter paeniformigenes Oxalobacter paraformigenes Oxalobacter vibrioformis

Contents

Oxalobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family. [1] Members of this genus are chemoorganotrophs, using oxalate as their primary carbon and energy source. The genus was first described in 1985 with the discovery of Oxalobacter formigenes [2] .

The genus is best known for its role in the human gastrointestinal tract, where it may contribute to oxalate homeostasis and influence the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.

Morphology and Physiology

All described Oxalobacter species are Gram-negative and strictly anaerobic. Although generally rod-shaped, slight morphological variability (e.g., curved rods) may be observed between species. Members of the Oxalobacter genus do not form spores and are non-motile.

These bacteria grow optimally in anaerobic environments using oxalate as their main carbon and energy source. Acetate and bicarbonate are used as co-substrates for optimal growth. [3] The end products of oxalate metabolism are formate and carbon dioxide, via oxalyl-CoA decarboxylation.

Ecology

Members of the Oxalobacter genus are primarily found in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, including humans and rodents. [4] They may also be isolated from environmental sources such as freshwater. [5] The ecological niche of Oxalobacter species is closely tied to the presence of dietary or endogenous oxalate.

References

  1. ↑ Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN   978-0-387-24145-6.
  2. ↑ Allison, Milton J.; Dawson, Karl A.; Mayberry, William R.; Foss, John G. (1985). "Oxalobacter formigenes gen. nov., sp. nov.: oxalate-degrading anaerobes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract" . Archives of Microbiology. 141 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:1985ArMic.141....1A. doi:10.1007/BF00446731. ISSN   0302-8933. PMID   3994481. S2CID   10709172.
  3. ↑ Cornick, N. A.; Allison, M. J. (1996-11-01). "Assimilation of oxalate, acetate, and CO 2 by Oxalobacter formigenes". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 42 (11): 1081–1086. doi:10.1139/m96-138. ISSN   0008-4166.
  4. ↑ Daniel, Steven L.; Moradi, Luke; Paiste, Henry; Wood, Kyle D.; Assimos, Dean G.; Holmes, Ross P.; Nazzal, Lama; Hatch, Marguerite; Knight, John (2021-08-26). Julia Pettinari, M. (ed.). "Forty Years of Oxalobacter formigenes, a Gutsy Oxalate-Degrading Specialist". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87 (18). doi:10.1128/AEM.00544-21. ISSN   0099-2240. PMC   8388816 . PMID   34190610.
  5. ↑ Smith, Richard L.; Strohmaier, Frances E.; Oremland, Ronald S. (February 1985). "Isolation of anaerobic oxalate-degrading bacteria from freshwater lake sediments". Archives of Microbiology. 141 (1): 8–13. doi:10.1007/BF00446732. ISSN   0302-8933.
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