Proteasome inhibitor PI31 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSMF1 gene. [5] [6]
Proteasome inhibitor PI31 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSMF1 gene. [5] [6]
The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. PSMF1 encodes a protein termed PI31 that binds to both 20S and 26S proteasomes. PI31 was originally identified by its ability to inhibit the hydrolysis of small synthetic peptides in a cell free assay, but it stimulates 26S proteasome activity both in vitro and in vivo [7] [8] . PI31 can promote the assembly of 26S proteasomes from 19S and 20S sub-particles, and it also serves as an adapter to couple proteasomes with motor proteins to mediate fast axonal transport in neurons [9] . Inactivation of PMSF1 in yeast, plants, fruit flies and mice attenuates protein degradation and stimulates accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Furthermore, loss of PSMF1 function in mice causes progressive neuronal dysfunction, synaptic degeneration and eventually neuronal cell death [10] . Alternative transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [6]
26S protease regulatory subunit 6A, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt5, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMC3 gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits together with four non-ATPase subunits form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10 or gankyrin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD10 gene. First isolated in 1998 by Tanaka et al.; Gankyrin is an oncoprotein that is a component of the 19S regulatory cap of the proteasome. Structurally, it contains a 33-amino acid ankyrin repeat that forms a series of alpha helices. It plays a key role in regulating the cell cycle via protein-protein interactions with the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4. It also binds closely to the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which is a regulator of the degradation of p53 and retinoblastoma protein, both transcription factors involved in tumor suppression and found mutated in many cancers. Gankyrin also has an anti-apoptotic effect and is overexpressed in certain types of tumor cells such as hepatocellular carcinoma.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD12 gene.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD5 gene.
26S protease regulatory subunit 8, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt6, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMC5 gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits together with four non-ATPase subunits form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex.
26S protease regulatory subunit 7, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMC2 gene This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex. Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits together with four non-ATPase subunits form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex.
Proteasome activator complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSME1 gene.
26S protease regulatory subunit 4, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMC1 gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex. Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits together with four non-ATPase subunits form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex.
Proteasome activator complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSME3 gene.
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSMA2 gene. This protein is one of the 17 essential subunits that contributes to the complete assembly of 20S proteasome complex.
26S protease regulatory subunit 6B, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMC4 gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits together with four non-ATPase subunits form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7, also known as 26S proteasome non-ATPase subunit Rpn8, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD7 gene.
Proteasome activator complex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSME2 gene.
26S protease regulatory subunit S10B, also known as 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit Rpt4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMC6 gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits of a complete assembled 19S proteasome complex Six 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunits together with four non-ATPase subunits form the base sub complex of 19S regulatory particle for proteasome complex.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1, also as known as 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit Rpn2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSMD1 gene. This protein is one of the 19 essential subunits that contributes to the complete assembly of 19S proteasome complex.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2, also as known as 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit Rpn1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD2 gene.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD11 gene.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD8 gene.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD9 gene.
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD3 gene.
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