| Pachycladella | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pachycladella cf. zatoriensis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Clade: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Trebouxiophyceae |
| Order: | Chlorellales |
| Family: | Oocystaceae |
| Genus: | Pachycladella P.C.Silva, 1970 |
| Type species | |
| Pachycladella umbrina (G.M.Smith) P.C.Silva [1] | |
| Species | |
Pachycladella is a genus of green algae in the family Oocystaceae. It occurs in freshwater habitats and has a cosmopolitan distribution, but is rare. [1]
Pachycladella was first described by Gilbert Morgan Smith in 1924, under the name Pachycladon; the name was illegitimate as it was a junior homonym of Pachycladon , a genus in the family Brassicaceae. A replacement name, Pachycladella was coined by Paul Silva in 1970. [2]
The type species of the genus, Pachycladella umbrina, has also been placed in the genus Treubaria , although this transfer is not agreed upon by all taxonomists. [3]
Pachycladella consists of single, microscopic cells. Cells are mostly spherical to quadrangular or lobate, 3–13 μm in diameter, with four extensions (termed processes) arranged in a cruciate or tetrahedral fashion. The processes are tubular or conical, of equal length, up to 120 μm long and up to 4 μm wide at the base; the apex may be blunt-tipped or bifurcate apex. Processes are translucent to dark brown and structurally different from the cell wall. Cells are uninucleate (with one nucleus) and have one cup-shaped, parietal chloroplast with a single pyrenoid. [1]
Asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of zoospores with two flagella. The flagellar basal bodies are arranged in a clockwise orientation. Sexual reproduction is unknown. [1]
Species are distinguished based on morphological characteristics, such as the size of the cells and arrangement of processes. However, the species are poorly studied and thus the species boundaries are in need of revision. [4]
The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of exclusively marine algae widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters. They are typically mixotrophic, ingesting bacteria and smaller protists as well as conducting photosynthesis. Normally they have the form of small amoebae, with branching cytoplasmic extensions that capture prey and connect the cells together, forming a net. These extensions are dependent on the presence of light and polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. They may also form flagellate zoospores, which characteristically have a single subapical flagellum that spirals backwards around the cell body, and walled coccoid cells.
Actinochloris is a genus of green algae, in the family Actinochloridaceae, with a single species Actinochloris sphaerica. It is a subaerial to terrestrial alga.
Asterococcus is a genus of green algae in the order Chlamydomonadales. It is planktonic in freshwater ponds and lakes, or benthic within mires and swamps. It is a common and widespread genus, but is rarely abundant.
Closteriopsis is a genus of green algae in the family Chlorellaceae. It is planktonic in freshwater habitats, and is widespread.
Dicloster is a genus of green algae in the family Chlorellaceae, containing the sole species Dicloster acuatus. It is found in freshwater habitats as plankton, and is distributed around the world.
Lobomonas is a genus of green algae in the family Chlamydomonadaceae, found in freshwater habitats. Although it is widely distributed, it is a rare genus.
Makinoella is a genus of green algae in the family Oocystaceae. It is a rare genus, found in freshwater plankton. It was first found in Japan, but has been discovered in a few other countries.
Neochloris is a genus of green algae in the family Neochloridaceae. It is found in freshwater aquatic and terrestrial soil habitats.
Paradoxia is a genus of microscopic green algae, in the family Coccomyxaceae. It is found in freshwater habitats as phytoplankton worldwide, but species are rare.
Stephanosphaera is a genus of green algae in the family Haematococcaceae, containing the single species Stephanosphaera pluvialis. It forms colonies of flagellated cells. Although it was once placed in the family Volvocaceae, it is not closely related to them; its sister is the unicellular genus Balticola. The name comes from the Greek roots stephanos, meaning "crown", and sphaira, meaning "ball".
Tetraspora is a genus of green algae in the family Tetrasporaceae of the order Chlamydomonadales, division Chlorophyta. Species of Tetraspora are unicellular green algae that exist in arrangements of four and consist of cells being packaged together in a gelatinous envelope that creates macroscopic colonies. These are primarily freshwater organisms, although there have been few cases where they have been found inhabiting marine environments and even contaminated water bodies. Tetraspora species can be found all around the globe, except in Antarctica. Despite the ubiquitous presence, the greatest growth of the genera's species is seen in the polar climatic zones.
Crucigenia is a genus of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae. It is widespread, but not often abundant, in freshwater habitats around the world.
Dicellula is a genus of green algae in the family Chlorellaceae. It contains a single species, Dicellula geminata. It occurs in the plankton of eutrophic fresh water. It is distributed around the world, but uncommon.
Rhopalosolen is a genus of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae. It is found in freshwater habitats, and is epizoic or epiphytic on various substrates such as rotifers, nematodes, cladocerans, copepods, fungal hyphae, plants, or other algae.
Hydrianum is a genus of green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales. It is found in freshwater habitats such as marshes and bogs, as an epiphyte on plants or other algae. It is common, but most likely overlooked due to its similarity with similar genera such as Characium.
Korshikoviella is a genus of green algae in the family Characiaceae.
Acanthosphaera is a genus of green algae, in the family Chlorellaceae. It contains the sole species Acanthosphaera zachariasii, although some sources list a second species, Acanthosphaera tenuissima. It is widely distributed, in freshwater habitats and exists as phytoplankton.
Cecidochloris is a green algae genus in the family Chlorangiellaceae. It occurs in freshwater. However, it has only been reported so far from Europe, with an additional species from India that is incompletely described.
Bracteamorpha is a genus of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales, and is the only genus in the family Bracteamorphaceae. It contains a single species, Bracteamorpha trainorii.
Chlorangiella is a genus of microscopic green algae, the type genus of the family Chlorangiellaceae. The name Chlorangiella was coined by Giovanni Battista de Toni in 1889. It is a nomen novum for Chlorangium F.Stein.
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