Papilio hipponous

Papilio hipponous
Figure b in Reise de osterreichischen Fregatte Novara urn die Erde
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Papilio
Species:	P. hipponous
Binomial name
Papilio hipponous C & R. Felder, 1862
Synonyms
Menelaides hipponous

Papilio hipponous is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Philippines.

Description

P. hipponous. Forewing not far from the distal margin with a narrow band running forwards from the hindmargin, which above is yellowish and sometimes absent, and beneath white and sometimes reduced to a small double spot. Hindwing with a white band, broken up into spots by the black veins, which is of almost equal width above and beneath and always reaches to the abdominal margin. The female very similar to the male, but somewhat paler. Nothing is known as to the earlier stages. The males drink at puddles and springs. Indo-Malayan. — pitmani Elw. (= pitmanni Rothsch.) [now species Papilio pitmani ]. Forewing above without distinct band, at most with a small spot before the hindmargin. Tenasserim and Siam. — — hipponous Fldr. Forewing above with distinct yellowish band, which gradually disappears costally; the 3. spot of the band of the hindwing about twice as long as the 5. On Luzon. — bazilanus Fruhst. Very similar to the preceding form, but the band of the hindwing of more uniform width, the 3. patch being shorter than in hipponous. Palawan, Bohol, Mindanao, Bazilan. — lunifer Rothsch. (33 b). A very large form, in which the submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath are large and strongly curved and placed further from the distal margin than in the other forms. Sangir and Talaut Islands. — leptopsephus Fruhst. Forewing with an anteriorly shortened white submarginal band; the ochreous submarginal lunules of the hindwing beneath very small. Assam, the locality however is doubtful. Not known to me [Jordan] in nature; is it different from bazilanus ^[1]

Biology

The larvae feed on Citrus species.

Subspecies

• Papilio hipponous bazilanusFruhstorfer, 1899 (Philippines (Basilan, Mindanao))
• Papilio hipponous daku(Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Philippines (Marinduque, Mindoro))
• Papilio hipponous gamay(Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Philippines (Balabac, Palawan))
• Papilio hipponous hipponous (Philippines (Camiguin de Luzon, Luzon))
• Papilio hipponous leptosephusFruhstorfer, 1909 (Assam)
• Papilio hipponous luniferRothschild, 1894 (Talaud, Sangie Islands)
• Papilio hipponous lynn(Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Philippines (Cuyo Islands))
• Papilio hipponous madil(Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Philippines (Busuanga))
• Papilio hipponous palpag(Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Philippines (Sanga Sanga, Sibuti, Tawitawi))
• Papilio hipponous rolandi(Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Philippines (Panay, Bohol, Siquijor, Negros))

Taxonomy

Papilio hipponous is a member of the fuscus species group. The members of this clade are

• Papilio albinus Wallace, 1865
• Papilio diophantus Grose-Smith, 1883
• Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779
• Papilio hipponousC. & R. Felder, 1862
• Papilio jordani Fruhstorfer, 1906
• Papilio pitmani Elwes & de Nicéville, [1887]
• Papilio prexaspes C. & R. Felder, 1865
• Papilio sakontala Hewitson, 1864

References

1. Jordan, K. in Seitz, A. Band 9: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die indo-australischen Tagfalter, 1927, 1197 Seiten 177 Tafeln pdf This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

• Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN   978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
• Page M. G.P & Treadaway, C. G. 2003 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world Part XVII (17), Papilionidae IX Papilionidae of the Philippine Islands. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. ISBN   978-3-931374-45-7

External links

• = The Global Butterfly Information System Images of specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum, London including syntypes of bazilanus Fruhstorfer. Taxonomic history.