The Lecanoraceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution.
Trapeliopsis is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. It contains 20 species. The genus was circumscribed in 1980 by Hannes Hertel and Gotthard Schneider, with Trapeliopsis wallrothii designated as the type species.
Trapelia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Trapeliaceae.
Lithothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pyrenulaceae. Most of the species are found in tropical climates, and are usually corticolous (bark-dwelling) or saxicolous (rock-dwelling). The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1885.
Roccella is a genus of 23 species of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, with Roccella fuciformis as the type species.
Endocarpon is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German bryologist Johann Hedwig in 1789.
Placidiopsis is a genus of lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian naturalist Francesco Beltramini de Casati in 1858, with Placidiopsis grappae assigned as the type species.
Lecidella is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecanoraceae.
Punctonora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1997 by lichenologist André Aptroot, with Punctonora nigropulvinata assigned as the type species. A second species was added to the genus in 2018.
Pyrrhospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with Pyrrhospora quernea assigned as the type species.
The Lecideaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecideales. It contains about 30 genera and roughly 250 species. A major distinguishing characteristic of the family is the lecanoroid form of the fruiting bodies: typically circular, dark, and without a thalline margin. Most species in the family are lichenised with green algae, although a few species, scattered amongst several genera, are lichenicolous—they live on other lichens. Lecideaceae lichens tend to grow on rocks, wood, and soil. Several Lecideaceae species accelerate the weathering of rock surfaces, a process known as pedogenesis, by extending their hyphae into cracks and expelling rock flakes. This contributes to significantly faster weathering rates in certain environments, impacts various materials from natural rocks to man-made Sekishu roof tiles, and involves key biomolecules identified for survival and biodeterioration, including compounds to withstand intense ultraviolet radiation.
Immersaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecideaceae. It has eight species of crustose lichens.
Astrothelium is a large genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. The genus is characterized by a corticate thallus and diverse ascomata structures, which can be simple, aggregated, or forming pseudostromata. Astrothelium is also notable for the carbonized walls of its ascomata, the so-called textura intricata arrangement of cells in these walls, and various forms of distoseptate, transparent spores.
Polymeridium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. Species in the genus are corticolous (bark-dwelling) and typically occur in tropical areas.
Pseudopyrenula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.
Phacopsis is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. They are parasites of members of the large lichen family Parmeliaceae, of which they are also a member. Originally proposed by Edmond Tulasne in 1852 to contain 3 species, Phacopsis now contains 10 species, although historically, 33 taxa have been described in the genus. Many of the species are poorly known, some of them having been documented only from the type specimen.
Neoprotoparmelia is a genus of crustose lichens that was created in 2018. It contains 24 tropical and subtropical species that mostly grow on bark. Neoprotoparmelia is in the subfamily Protoparmelioideae of the family Parmeliaceae, along with the morphologically similar genera Protoparmelia and Maronina.
Trimmatothele is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has five species. The genus was formally published by lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903. The type species, Trimmatothele perquisita, was originally collected from Norway by Johannes M. Norman, who placed it in the genus Coniothele in 1868. Diagnostic characteristics of Trimmatothele include a thin thallus with a smooth surface; small perithecia that are partially immersed in the substrata and have an involucrellum; asci that contain multiple ascospores; and small, simple ascospores. Trimmatothele has been described as one of the most poorly known genera of lichens due to the rarity of its species, the few available herbarium specimens, and some missing type specimens.
Kalbiana is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen of uncertain familial placement in the order Verrucariales. Both the genus and its only species, Kalbiana brasiliensis, were described in 1988 by lichenologist Aino Henssen. The genus name honours German lichenologist Klaus Kalb, while the species epithet refers to Brazil, where the lichen is found.
Helocarpaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Lecanoromycetidae. The family is monotypic, and contains the single genus Helocarpon.
