Pararamichloridium

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Pararamichloridium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Subclass:
Hypocreomycetidae
Order:
Pararamichloridiales
Family:
Pararamichloridiaceae
Genus:
Pararamichloridium

Type species
Pararamichloridium livistonae [2]
Crous

Pararamichloridium is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and within the monotypic order of Pararamichloridiales and also in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae. [3] They are saprobic (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter) on wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. [2]

Contents

History

In 2017, South African mycologist and plant pathologist Pedro Willem Crous published the order Pararamichloridiales which consisted of the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and included the genera of Pararamichloridium and Woswasia . [1] It also included Pararamichloridium livistonae as the type species of the genus. [1]

Etymology. The species name livistonae refers to Livistona , the host genus of palms, from which this fungus was collected. [1] While the genus name of Pararamichloridium refers to its morphological similarity to genus Ramichloridium , [1] (from the Dissoconiaceae family, order Capnodiales and subclass of Dothideomycetidae, [3] )

In the multi-loci ITS, LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequence data creating a phylogenetic tree, Pararamichloridium livistonae and Pararamichloridium verrucosum were shown to be grouped together and formed a separate clade. [1] Although still located within class Sordariomycetes. [4] The divergence time for Pararamichloridiales is estimated as 101.5 MYA (million years ago), which falls in the range of family status. [1] Meanwhile fungal species, Woswasia atropurpurea , Xylochrysis lucida and Cyanoannulus petersenii formed a separate branch which was distant from Pararamichloridium clade. [1] Zhang et al. (2017a) then excluded Woswasia from family Pararamichloridiaceae based on its close phylogenetic affinity with genera Xylochrysis and Cyanoannulus in family Woswasiaceae, in Diaporthomycetidae class incertae sedis. [5] This was confirmed in later studies (Hyde et al. 2020a, [6] b, [7] c; [8] and Wijayawardene et al. 2020). [9]

In 2017, three species, Pararamichloridium caricicola, Pararamichloridium livistonae and Pararamichloridium verrucosum were accepted in this genus. [2] Then Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicumJ.Y. Zhang, Y.Z. Lu & K.D. Hyde was added in 2021, it was saprobic on submerged decaying wood within a freshwater stream in China. [10]

Description

Order Pararamichloridiales is characterised by branched, subhyaline (almost transparent) to brown, septate conidiophores, with polyblastic, terminal and intercalary (inserted between other elements or parts) conidiogenous cells that produce solitary, hyaline, aseptate, clavate to ellipsoid conidia. [1]

Members of Pararamichloridiaceae are pathogenic on plant leaves (Crous et al. 2017, [1] 2018). [11] Such as in 2021, 12 fungal isolates that belong to 10 genera found on the banana plant were isolated, including Trichoderma , Pallidocercospora , Purpureocillium , Pallidocercospora , Mycosphaerella , Chaetomium , Neonectria , Pararamichloridium, Xylaria , and Neocordana . [12]

The genus of Pararamichloridium is characterised as follows; The sexual morph is undetermined. The asexual morph has a mycelium (root-like structure) consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched, hyphae. The conidiophores are erect, solitary, straight to flexuous, septate, branched at apex or not, sub-cylindrical, sub-hyaline to medium brown, smooth. The conidiogenous cells are terminal and intercalary, sub-cylindrical, sub-hyaline to medium brown, smooth, polyblastic and denticulate (having teeth-like structures, or denticles). The denticles have slightly thickened scars. The conidia are solitary, hyaline, smooth, granular, aseptate, thin-walled, clavate to ellipsoid in shape. [1]

Distribution

They are found on the island of Borneo in Indonesia, [13] and also from Australia and India. [14]

Species

4 species have accepted by Species Fungorum; [15]

While GBIF only accepts 3 species,Pararamichloridium caricicola, Pararamichloridium livistonae and Pararamichloridium verrucosum. [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreales</span> Order of fungi

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

<i>Stachybotrys</i> Genus of fungi

Stachybotrys is a genus of molds, hyphomycetes or asexually reproducing, filamentous fungi, now placed in the family Stachybotryaceae. The genus was erected by August Carl Joseph Corda in 1837. Historically, it was considered closely related to the genus Memnoniella, because the spores are produced in slimy heads rather than in dry chains. Recently, the synonymy of the two genera is generally accepted. Most Stachybotrys species inhabit materials rich in cellulose. The genus has a widespread distribution and contained about 50 species in 2008. There are 88 records of Stachybotrys on Species Fungorum, of which 33 species have DNA sequence data in GenBank. Species in the genus are commonly found in soil, plant litter and air and a few species have been found from damp paper, cotton, linen, cellulose-based building materials water-damaged indoor buildings, and air ducts from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Hypocreomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaeosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Phaeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are generally nectrotrophic or saprobic on a wide range of plants.

The Halosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the Sordariomycetes class, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Halosphaeriaceae is the family with the largest number of marine fungi with a few species are from freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microascaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Microascaceae are a family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. The family was published by David Malloch in 1970, an emended description based on Everet Stanley Luttrell's original 1951 publication. Family was updated in 2020.

The Melanosporales is a former order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.

Tengiomyces is a genus of fungi in the Coronophorales order of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Tengiomyces indicus.

Gabarnaudia is a genus of anamorphic fungi that was placed in the family Ceratocystidaceae, until phylogenetic analysis by Hausner and Reid (2004) and De Beer et al. (2013a) showed that Gabarnaudia fimicolaG. betae and G. humicola clustered within genus Sphaeronaemella.

Gliomastix is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Bionectriaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diaporthomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Diaporthomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi under the class Sordariomycetes.

Savoryellomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi within the class of Sordariomycetes. It contains 4 known orders of Conioscyphales, Fuscosporellales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.

Fuscosporellales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Pisorisporiales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina and also its own subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae.

Pseudodactylaria are a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family PseudodactylariaceaeCrous, and within the monotypic order PseudodactylarialesCrous, within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on plants in freshwater or terrestrial habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torpedosporales</span> Order of fungi

The Torpedosporales are an order of marine based fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. Most are found on wood substrates in the water.

Etheirophoraceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal wood and bark within marine habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juncigenaceae</span> Family of fungi

Juncigenaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic to intertidal wood, within mangrove forests and other herbaceous wood and roots, bark, leaves in various marine habitats.

Torpedosporaceae is a monotypic family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood and roots, bark leaves, and sand in various marine habitats.

<i>Neocamarosporium</i> Genus of fungi

Neocamarosporium is a genus of ascomycete fungi, as accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The species are typically halotolerant, being commonly found in saline environments like in saline water, hypersaline soils and especially in association with halophytes.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Carnegie AJ, Hardy GE, Smith D, et al. (December 2017). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 625-715". Persoonia. 39: 270–467. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.11. PMC   5832955 . PMID   29503478.
  2. 1 2 3 Padaruth, Oundhyalah Devi (3 November 2020). "Jobellisiaceae - Facesoffungi number: FoF 01906". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  3. 1 2 Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  4. ↑ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Handbook Of Scientific Tables (2022) , p. 787, at Google Books
  5. ↑ Zhang, H.; Dong, W.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hongsanan, S.; Bhat, D.J.; Al-Sadi, A.M.; Zhang, D. (2017). "Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families". Fungal Diversity. 85: 75–110. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0387-z. S2CID   256072265.
  6. ↑ Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7. hdl: 10033/622756 . S2CID   219808477.
  7. ↑ Hyde KD, de Silva NI, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Phookamsak R, Doilom M, Boonmee S, JayawardenaRS MSSN, Senanayake IC, Manawasinghe IS, Liu NG, Abeywickrama PD, Chaiwan N, Karunarathna A, Pem D, Lin CG, Sysouphanthong P, Luo ZL, Wei DP, WanasingheDN NC, Tennakoon DS, Samarakoon MC, Jayasiri SC, Jiang HB, Zeng XY, Li JF, Wijesinghe SN, Devadatha B, Goonasekara ID, Brahmanage RS, Yang EF, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Dayarathne MC, Marasinghe DS, Li WJ, Dissanayake LS, Dong W, Huanraluek N, Lumyong S, Liu JK, Karunarathna SC, Jones EBG, Al-Sadi AM, Xu JC, Harishchandra D, Sarma VV (2020). "AJOM new records and collections of fungi: 1–100". Asian Journal of Mycology. 3: 22–294. doi: 10.5943/ajom/3/1/3 . S2CID   226492984.
  8. ↑ Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Liu N-G, Abeywickrama PD, Mapook A, Wei D, Perera RH, Manawasinghe IS, Pem D, Bundhun D, Karunarathna A, Ekanayaka AH, Bao D-F, Li J, Samarakoon MC, Chaiwan N, Lin C-G, Phutthacharoen K, Zhang S-N, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, Thambugala KM, Phukhamsakda C, Tennakoon DS, Jiang H-B, Yang J, Zeng M, Huanraluek N, Liu J-K, (Jack), Wijesinghe SN, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Brahmanage RS, Boonmee S, Huang S-K, Thiyagaraja V, Lu Y-Z, Jayawardena RS, Dong W, Yang E-F, Singh SK, Singh SM, Rana S, Lad SS, Anand G, Devadatha B, Niranjan M, Sarma VV, Liimatainen K, Aguirre-Hudson B, Niskanen T, Overall A, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Pfiegler WP, Horváth E, Imre A, Alves AL, da Silva Santos AC, Tiago PV, Bulgakov TS, Wanasinghe DN, Bahkali AH, Doilom M, Elgorban AM, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rajeshkumar KC, Haelewaters D, Mortimer PE, Zhao Q, Lumyong S, Xu J, Sheng J (2020). "Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa". Fungal Divers. 100: 5–277. doi:10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5. hdl: 1854/LU-8706299 . S2CID   212719058.
  9. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  10. ↑ Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Wang S, Sun YR, Suwannarach N, Sysouphanthong P, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Abeywickrama PD, Abreu VP, Armand A, Aptroot A, Bao DF, Begerow D, Bellanger JM, Bezerra JDP, Bundhun D, Calabon MS, Cao T, Cantillo T, et al. (1 Jan 2022). "Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa". Fungal Diversity. 117 (1): 1–272. doi:10.1007/s13225-022-00513-0. PMC   9948003 . PMID   36852303.
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  12. ↑ Napitupulu, Toga Pangihotan; Ramadhani, Indriati; Kanti, Atit; Sudiana, I. Made (2021). "Diversity, phosphate solubilizing, and IAA production of culturable fungi associated with healthy and wilt banana Author". Archiv für Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz. 54 (19–20): 2306–2332. doi:10.1080/03235408.2021.1983362. ISSN   1477-2906. S2CID   244214681.
  13. 1 2 "Pararamichloridium Crous, 2017". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  14. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Wang, Y. (2018). "Notes for genera update – Ascomycota: 6822-6917". Mycosphere. 9 (6): 1222–1234. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/11 .
  15. ↑ "Pararamichloridium - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
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