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The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.
Sinoboletus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae.
Exsudoporus frostii, commonly known as Frost's bolete or the apple bolete, is a bolete fungus first described scientifically in 1874. A member of the family Boletaceae, the mushrooms produced by the fungus have tubes and pores instead of gills on the underside of their caps. Exsudoporus frostii is distributed in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia, and in the southwest from Arizona extending south to Mexico and Costa Rica. A mycorrhizal species, its fruit bodies are typically found growing near hardwood trees, especially oak.
Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus is a species of bolete in the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. Previously known as Boletus rhodoxanthus, it was transferred in 2014 to the newly erected genus Rubroboletus, based on DNA data.
Zangia is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus, circumscribed in 2011, contains six species found in China. Zangia species grow in forests dominated by Fagaceae mixed with Pinaceae (pines).
Exsudoporus permagnificus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae, native to Southern Europe and Western Asia. Described as new to science in 1981, the fungus was originally placed in genus Boletus. Following molecular studies outlining a new phylogenetic framework for Boletaceae, the fungus was transferred to the newly erected genus Exsudoporus in 2014, to which it is the type species. Nevertheless, Wu and colleagues (2016) were reluctant to accept the newly proposed genus due to a lack of sufficient sequences and regarded it a synonym of Butyriboletus. Following studies reinstated the status of Exsudoporus as a monophyletic genus sister to Butyriboletus, following additional collections and extended phylogenetic and morphological analyses.
Phylloporus leucomycelinus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. First described in 1978, it is found in eastern North America and the Philippines.
Rubroboletus dupainii, commonly known as Dupain's bolete, is a bolete fungus of the genus Rubroboletus. It is native to Europe, where it is threatened, and red listed in six countries. It also occurs in North America, although it is rare there. It was first recorded from North Carolina, and then from Iowa in 2009. It was reported from Belize in 2007, growing under Quercus peduncularis and other oaks.
Lanmaoa pseudosensibilis is a fungus of the family Boletaceae native to the United States. First described officially in 1971 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers, it was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Lanmaoa in 2015.
Caloboletus inedulis is a bolete fungus of the family Boletaceae that is native to North America. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus inedulis. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. The species is inedible.
Caloboletus firmus is a bolete fungus native to North America. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus firmus. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the family Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. It was first described scientifically in 1874 by American botanist Charles Christopher Frost from specimens collected in New England.
Lanmaoa carminipes is a fungus of the family Boletaceae native to the United States. First described officially in 1971 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers as a species of Boletus, it was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Lanmaoa in 2015.
Butyriboletus peckii is a fungus of the genus Butyriboletus native to eastern North America. It was first described by Charles Christopher Frost in 1878. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus peckii. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. In 2015, Kuan Zhao and colleagues published analysis that demonstrated that the bolete belongs to Butyriboletus, closely related to Butyriboletus pulchriceps.
Lanmaoa is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists Nian-Kai Zeng and Zhu L. Yang in 2015 to contain several species formerly classified in the genus Boletus, as well as the newly described Asian boletes L. angustispora and L. asiatica. The erection of this genus follows recent molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for the family Boletaceae. Zeng and Yang named the genus after Chinese naturalist Lan Mao (1397-1476).
Rugiboletus is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists Gang Wu and Zhu L. Yang in 2015 with the alpine species Rugiboletus extremiorientalis from eastern Asia as the type species. Rugiboletus brunneiporus of southern China and India was also described that same year. The erection of Rugiboletus follows recent molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for the Boletaceae. The generic name—derived from the Latin stem rugi- ("wrinkled") and Boletus as the mushroom caps are wrinkled and furrowed, unlike any other boletes.
Neoboletus venenatus, known until 2015 as Boletus venenatus, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Japan and China. It was transferred to the new genus Neoboletus by Chinese mycologists Gang Wu and Zhu L. Yang in 2015.
Parvixerocomus aokii is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was originally described by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1984 as a species of Boletus. Chinese mycologists Gang Wu, Nian-Kai Zeng, and Zhu L. Yang transferred it to Parvixerocomus in 2015. It is known only from China and Japan, where it grows in tropical and subtropical forests with trees of the family Fagaceae.
Caloboletus frustosus is a bolete fungus native to North America. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus frustosus. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the family Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. It was first described scientifically in 1941 by mycologists Wally Snell and Esther Dick.
Caloboletus panniformis is a bolete fungus native to Honshu island in Japan, where it grows under conifers in subalpine regions. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus panniformis. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the family Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. It was first described scientifically in 2013 by Japanese botanist Haruki Takahashi and colleagues.
Caloboletus kluzakii is a bolete fungus native to Europe. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus kluzakii. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the family Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. It was described scientifically in 2006 by Josef Šutara and Pavel Špinar, from specimens collected in the Czech Republic. The fungus had earlier been published with the name Boletus fallax by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Kluzák in 1988, but this was invalid, as that name had been used previously by E.J.H. Corner for a Malaysian bolete. The epithet honours Kluzák's contributions in describing the species.
References
- ↑ Wu G, Zhao K, Li YC, Zeng NK, Feng B, Halling R, Yang ZL (2015). "Four new genera of the fungal family Boletaceae". Fungal Diversity. 81: 1–24. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0322-0. S2CID 12387063.
