Peden's Cave (Auchinbay)

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Peden's Cave (Auchinbay)
Peden's Cave opening, River Lugar, Auchenbay, East Ayrshire, Scotland.jpg
The opening to Peden's Cave overlooking the River Lugar
Location Ochiltree, East Ayrshire
OS grid NS 4880 2362
Coordinates 55°28′59″N4°23′39″W / 55.482938°N 4.3942168°W / 55.482938; -4.3942168 Coordinates: 55°28′59″N4°23′39″W / 55.482938°N 4.3942168°W / 55.482938; -4.3942168
Length8 feet (2.4 m)
Elevation10 feet (3.0 m)
Entrances1
DifficultyCaution required
HazardsAccess
AccessBy carved steps

Peden's Cave is at least partly artificial [1] and is set into a craggy outcrop of red sandstone rocks overlooking the River Lugar just below the farm of Auchinbay in East Ayrshire, Scotland, close to the town of Ochiltree. Traditionally it is said that this cave was used as a hiding place for Covenanters, including the famous Covenanter minister Alexander Peden in the 17th century, mainly during the so called 'Killing Times' of the 1680s. [2] [3]

Contents

Cave and access

The stable or store next to the cave Peden's Cave stable and store, River Lugar, Auchenbay, East Ayrshire.jpg
The stable or store next to the cave

Peden's Cave is located near the top of a much eroded red sandstone cliff, the cave floor being around 10 feet (3.0 m) above the River Lugar on the south-western side of this water course, just off the old road that ran from Stair past Auchinbay Farm and over the old Slatehole Ford, later replaced by the now ruined Slatehole Bridge and its associated lodge, running into the Auchinleck Estate. The cave is well camouflaged from directly above. The well known Wallace's Cave' is located at the junction of the River Lugar and the Dippol Burn, a short distance upstream. [4]

The cave is not very large (6 feet (1.8 m) high, 4 feet (1.2 m) wide, and about 8 feet (2.4 m) long) and the chisel marks add emphasis to its artificial origin or creation from a smaller natural cavity. A bench or shelf has been cut inside [5] and six steps have been cut into the rock face leading down to it, however access is still hazardous. [6] [7] [8]

The opening is obvious from the opposite side of the Lugar Water however this is difficult to access and it is likely that, as at Dunton Cove, a bush such as gorse or willow would be cut and then pulled up and tied with ropes over the entrance as camouflage. [9] Next to the cave is a sizeable rectangular area which it has been noted has features indicating that it may have been artificially shaped or quarried and even roofed over for use in stabling of horses, storage of food, etc. [10]

History

The steps down to the cave. Peden's Cave steps, River Lugar, Auchenbay, East Ayrshire, Scotland.jpg
The steps down to the cave.

As a Covenanter minister preaching at various outdoor conventicles, Alexander Peden is said to have used a number of other caves as places of concealment during his years on the run from the King's soldiers, [11] including Barskimming, one on Craigie Hill near the village, another at the Nick of the Balloch, a further example near the Water of Girvan and [12] his final cave hiding place may have been the Cleuch Glen in Sorn Parish which he reportedly asked to be made when he sensed that his illness was terminal, supposedly hiding beneath some straw when it was searched by soldiers. [13]

The facts remain unclear, however one telling of the history is that a brother of the Covenanter minister lived at Tenshilling Farm, the surviving Ten Shilling Bridge lies close to the estate's so called Deer Cave. Alexander's brother is said to have brought food to the cave to feed him and the various other Covenanters who hid with Peden from time to time. [14]

The old Slatehole Ford. The old Slatehole Ford view downstream, River Lugar, East Ayrshire, Scotland.jpg
The old Slatehole Ford.

It may have been this cave where he took ill [15] before moving closer to his brother's farm where he died on 26 January 1686. He was secretly buried at Auchinleck in the churchyard however he was later exhumed by the King's soldiers and later buried at the foot of the gallows tree in Cumnock where a graveyard is now located with memorials to Alexander Peden and several over Covenanters. [16] The soldiers had intended to hang the minister's corpse from the tree [17] however William, second Earl of Dumfries prevented this. [18]

Several other caves in Ayrshire and beyond are said to have been used as places of concealment by Covenanters in general, such as the Cleeves Cove on the Dusk Water near Dalry and Dunton Cove on the Craufurdland Water near Waterside in East Ayrshire.

The cave's location is close to one of the few local fording places over the River Lugar that existed before any bridges were constructed, making it a surprising location for a hiding place and in addition Dumfries House, Auchinleck House and Ochiltree House were all in the immediate vicinity.

The cave may have seen various uses after the time of the Covenanters such as shelter for travellers or a base for people assisting travellers who were crossing the river by the ford, especially when the water was high or when it was in spate, certainly local anglers have found it to be a convenient shelter.

Many other sites have Peden's name attached to them such as the Peden's Pulpit near Failford, another at Dalry and a Peden's Stone as well as Peden's Hut, etc.

Micro-history

The mound that is all that remains of Ochiltree Castle lies upstream opposite Auchinleck Castle and the impressive red sandstone boulder known on the old maps as Kemp's Castle is located between Ochiltree Castle and Peden's Cave. A 'Kemp' in Scots is a hero or a champion of great strength and is a name applied to many hill forts, mottes, etc. throughout Scotland. [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Ladys Well, Auchmannoch Human settlement in Scotland

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Dunton Cove

Dunton Cove or the Covenanters' Cave is an artificial cave in a craggy outcrop of rocks overlooking the Craufurdland Water just below the confluence of the Dunton Water and the Calf Fauld Water in East Ayrshire, Scotland, close to the village of Waterside. Traditionally it was used as a hiding place for Covenanters in the 17th century during the so-called 'Killing Times' of the 1680s.

The Holy Cave, Hunterston

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Wallaces Cave, Auchinleck

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Bickering Bush

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Craigie, South Ayrshire Human settlement in Scotland

Craigie is a small village and parish of 6,579 acres or 2,662 hectares in the old district of Kyle, now South Ayrshire, 4 miles (6 km) south of Kilmarnock, Scotland. This is mainly a farming district, lacking in woodland, with a low population density, and only one village. In the 19th century, high quality lime was quarried here with at least three sites in use in 1832.

Murdochs Cave

Murdoch's Cave, is a relatively small artificial cave created by William Murdoch (1754-1839) and his siblings in the soft red sandstone Lugar river bank cliff just upstream of the old Bellow Mill close to the confluence of the Bellow or Bello Water and the Glenmuir Water in Lugar, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The spelling 'Bellow' is used for consistency.

Balcreuchan Port

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References

Notes
  1. ↑ "Peden's Cave (Auchenbay) on Canmore" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  2. ↑ Love, Dane (2013). Legendary Ayrshire. Custom : Folklore : Tradition. Carn Publishing. p. 43. ISBN   978-0-9518128-6-0.
  3. ↑ "Dunton Cove on Canmore" . Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  4. ↑ Warrick, John (1992). The History of Old Cumnock. Carn Publishing. p. 170.
  5. ↑ "Jardine's Book of Martyrs" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  6. ↑ "Scotland's Killing Times". Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  7. ↑ Love, Dane (2013). Legendary Ayrshire. Custom : Folklore : Tradition. Carn Publishing. p. 43. ISBN   978-0-9518128-6-0.
  8. ↑ "Peden's Cave (Auchenbay) on Canmore" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  9. ↑ "Scottish Covenanter Memorials Association" . Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  10. ↑ "Scottish Covenanter Memorials Association" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  11. ↑ "Peden's Cave (Auchenbay) on Canmore" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  12. ↑ Love, Dane (2013). Legendary Ayrshire. Custom : Folklore : Tradition. Carn Publishing. p. 44. ISBN   978-0-9518128-6-0.
  13. ↑ "Scotland's Killing Times". Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  14. ↑ "Covenanter Stories – No 13, Alexander Peden" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  15. ↑ Warrick, John (1992). The History of Old Cumnock. Carn Publishing. p. 170.
  16. ↑ Love, Dane (2013). Legendary Ayrshire. Custom : Folklore : Tradition. Carn Publishing. p. 43. ISBN   978-0-9518128-6-0.
  17. ↑ "Scottish Covenanter Memorials Association" . Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  18. ↑ Macintosh, John (1894). Ayrshire Nights Entertainments. Dunlop & Drennan. p. 241.
  19. ↑ "Dictionary of the Scots Language" . Retrieved 7 August 2017.
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