Pennsylvania wood cockroach

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Pennsylvania wood cockroach
Parcoblatta pennsylvanica NC.JPG
Parcoblatta pennsylvanica nymphs caught from Wake County, NC
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Blattodea
Family: Ectobiidae
Genus: Parcoblatta
Species:
P. pensylvanica
Binomial name
Parcoblatta pensylvanica
(De Geer, 1773)
Synonyms
  • Parcoblatta pennsylvanica(De Geer, 1773) [1]
  • Blatta cinctaFabricius 1787 [1]
  • Blatta borealisSaussure, 1862 [1]
  • Blatta pennsylvanicaDe Geer 1773 [1]
  • Ectobia flavocinctaScudder, 1862 [1]
  • Ischnoptera coulonianaSaussure 1862 [1]
  • Ischnoptera inaequalisSaussure & Zehntner 1893 [1]
  • Ischnoptera nortonianaSaussure 1862 [1]
  • Ischnoptera translucidaSaussure, 1864 [1]
  • Periplaneta curtaWalker, F., 1871 [1]
  • Temnopteryx marginataScudder, 872 [1]
Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach Woodland roach - 06.14.21.jpg
Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach

The Pennsylvania wood cockroach (Parcoblatta pensylvanica) [2] or Pennsylvanian cockroach [3] is a common species of cockroach in eastern and central North America. [4]

Contents

Description

Dead adult male showing the markings on the median segment and first abdominal segment. Parcoblatta pennsylvanica North Carolina.jpg
Dead adult male showing the markings on the median segment and first abdominal segment.

Males are dark brown; the sides of the thorax and the front half of the wings are margined with yellow. Adult males are fully winged, while females have conspicuous wing pads (actually short wings like that of the female oriental cockroach), which are functionless. Wings of the male are longer than its body, while wing pads of the female cover only one-third to two-thirds of the abdomen. The males fly swiftly but do not have the ability to sustain themselves in the air for long periods.[ citation needed ]

Male [5] Female [5]
Body length16.8–24.5 mm (0.66–0.96 in)12.7–18.0 mm (0.50–0.71 in)
Pronotum length4.2–5.3 mm (0.17–0.21 in)4.3–5.8 mm (0.17–0.23 in)
Pronotum width5.4–6.9 mm (0.21–0.27 in)5.1–7.2 mm (0.20–0.28 in)
Tegmina length17.3–25.1 mm (0.68–0.99 in)6.4–13.9 mm (0.25–0.55 in)
Tegmina width5.4–7.7 mm (0.21–0.30 in)4.2–5.7 mm (0.17–0.22 in)

Habitat and ecology

The species occurs in open, timbered areas with little ground cover. [6] According to entomologist Fred A. Lawson, it is "often seen on tree trunks and lower branches of oaks and elms after dark." [6] Nymphs and adults are also found outdoors beneath loose bark in woodpiles, stumps, and hollow trees. Brought indoors on infested firewood, they wander about the house without congregating in any particular room. They can be especially troublesome during the mating season, which is during May and June. Male wood cockroaches frequently travel in large numbers and fly considerable distances. They are attracted to lights at night and may gain entry indoors. Large numbers may also be found in rain gutters of homes.

Pennsylvania wood cockroaches feed primarily on decaying organic matter. Both female and male Pennsylvania wood cockroaches have been found under shingles and on the inside of garages. They rarely breed indoors. However, with the growing use of firewood, the popularity of cedar shake shingles, and the continual building of homes in wooded areas, problems with Pennsylvania wood cockroaches will probably escalate.[ opinion ]

Reproduction

Ootheca (egg case) Parcoblatta pennsylvanica ootheca North Carolina.jpg
Ootheca (egg case)

The Pennsylvania wood cockroach has three developmental stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Eggs are laid in egg capsules, produced during the warm months and deposited behind the loose bark of dead trees, fallen logs, or stumps. Egg capsules are yellowish brown and characteristically curved on both sides like a half moon. Capsules are twice as long as wide, each containing up to 32 eggs. The egg stage lasts about 34 days at 80 °F, while the nymphal stage typically lasts 10 to 12 months but can last up to 2 years. The normal life span of the female adult is several months.

Distribution

The distribution of the species includes southeastern Canada, in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and the eastern and central United States, in Alabama, the District of Columbia, probably Florida, Delaware, Georgia, Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. [4]

A 1966 article said that it is the only species of cockroach that is definitely native to Ontario, [7] while a 1987 update also included Parcoblatta virginica and Parcoblatta uhleriana as indigenous to the province. [8]

Structural and environmental modifications and repairs

Pennsylvania wood cockroaches are most often carried into homes under the bark of firewood. It is best to not store firewood inside the house. Move woodpiles away from the house to further reduce the likelihood of cockroaches wandering in.

Houses located within woods will sometimes have wood cockroaches crawl under siding; especially homes with cedar shake shingles. To cockroaches, the house may represent a fallen tree and a new location for nesting. A wide lawn will inhibit cockroaches crawling from the surrounding woods to the house. The use of window screening and caulking to prevent entry is a good structural tactic.

The species frequently invades summer cottages, and while it is considered a nuisance, it is rarely in enough numbers to be considered a pest. [7]

Chemical control

As breeding populations rarely become established indoors, house interiors should not be treated. Treat exteriors only when wood cockroaches enter homes from the surrounding environment.

Exterior treatments to foundations, around doors and windows, porches, patios and other areas where outside lights are located will help control both the adult males (which will fly to the lights) and the females (which crawl to the house in search of harborage).

Additional images

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ootheca</span> Type of egg mass made by some molluscs, mantises and cockroaches

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">American cockroach</span> Species of cockroach

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Florida woods cockroach</span> Species of cockroach

The Florida woods cockroach is a large cockroach species which typically grows to a length of 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in). When alarmed, adults can eject an extremely foul-smelling directional spray up to 1 m, which inspired several of its other common names: Florida skunk roach, Florida stinkroach, skunk cockroach, skunk roach, stinking cockroach, and stinkroach. Two other naming variations include Florida cockroach and Florida woods roach.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surinam cockroach</span> Species of cockroach

The Surinam cockroach or greenhouse cockroach is a species of burrowing cockroach. It is a common plant pest endemic to the Indomalayan realm that has spread to tropical and into subtropical regions around the world, and in isolated populations to temperate climates where protective habitat such as greenhouses provide shelter for individuals inadvertently shipped in the soil of plants. Its populations are almost exclusively female, and it reproduces through parthenogenesis, having evolved several clonal strains from its sexual progenitor P. indicus.

<i>Panchlora nivea</i> Species of cockroach

Panchlora nivea, the Cuban cockroach or green banana cockroach, is a small species of cockroach in the subfamily Panchlorinae. It is found in the subtropical or tropical climates of Cuba, the Caribbean and southern US: along the Gulf Coast from Florida to Texas and has been observed as far north as Moncks Corner, South Carolina. Panchlora nivea got into the US through Caribbean fruit shipments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smokybrown cockroach</span> Species of cockroach

The smokybrown cockroach is a large species of cockroach, winged, and growing to a length of 32–35 millimetres (1.3–1.4 in).

<i>Parcoblatta virginica</i> Species of insect

Parcoblatta virginica, the Virginia wood cockroach, is a small cockroach species of the genus Parcoblatta, measuring about a centimeter long as an adult.

<i>Parcoblatta fulvescens</i> Species of cockroach

Parcoblatta fulvescens, the fulvous wood cockroach, is a species of cockroach endemic to the United States and possibly Canada that measures around 13 mm (0.5 in) long.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown cockroach</span> Species of cockroach

The brown cockroach is a species of cockroach in the family Blattidae. It is probably originally native to Africa, but today it has a circumtropical distribution, having been widely introduced. In cooler climates it can only survive indoors, and it is considered a household pest.

<i>Blaptica dubia</i> Species of cockroach

Blaptica dubia, the dubia roach, orange-spotted roach, Guyana spotted roach, or Argentinian wood roach, is a medium-sized species of cockroach which grows to around 40–45 mm (1.6–1.8 in).

<i>Evania appendigaster</i> Species of wasp

Evania appendigaster, also known as the blue-eyed ensign wasp, is a species of wasp in the family Evaniidae. Its native range is not known, but it likely originated in Asia. Today it occurs throughout the tropics and subtropics and in many temperate regions. As with the rest of its family, the blue-eyed ensign wasp is a parasitoid known for specializing on cockroach eggs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkestan cockroach</span> Species of cockroach

The Turkestan cockroach, also known as the rusty red cockroach, red runner cockroach or simply rusty red, red runner, or lat, is a primarily outdoor-dwelling cockroach native to an area from northern Africa to Central Asia. Adults measure around 3 cm (1.2 in) in length. Adult males are a brownish orange or red, are slender, and have long, yellowish wings which allow it to attract females and to glide. Adult females are dark brown to black, with cream-colored markings on the shield and a cream-colored stripe edging its wings; they are broader than males, and have short vestigial wings. Nymphs are brown in front, black on the rear, and are wingless.

<i>Cariblatta lutea</i> Species of cockroach

Cariblatta lutea is a small species of cockroach native to the United States and other countries, measuring usually around 7 millimeters long as an adult and under 2 millimeters from head tip to abdomen tip at the 1st instar or hatchling. It consists of two subspecies, the small yellow cockroach, and the least yellow cockroach.

<i>Parcoblatta divisa</i> Species of cockroach

Parcoblatta divisa, the southern wood cockroach, is a species of cockroach native to the United States.

<i>Parcoblatta uhleriana</i> Species of cockroach

Parcoblatta uhleriana, the Uhler's wood cockroach, is a species of Parcoblatta native to the United States and Canada. It is a forest species also found in disturbed and urban environments. The male of the species flies freely, while the female does not fly.

<i>Parcoblatta lata</i> Species of cockroach

Parcoblatta lata, the broad wood cockroach, is a species of wood cockroach native to the United States. It is one of the largest species of wood cockroaches.

<i>Parcoblatta caudelli</i> Species of cockroach

Parcoblatta caudelli, Caudell's wood cockroach or Caudell's wood roach, is a species of cockroach native to the United States.

Parcoblatta desertae, the desert wood cockroach or desert cockroach, is a species of Parcoblatta endemic to the United States state of Texas.

<i>Parcoblatta americana</i> Species of cockroach

Parcoblatta americana, the western wood cockroach, is a species of wood cockroach that occurs in Mexico and the western United States.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Synonyms of Pennsylvania wood cockroach (Parcoblatta pennsylvanica)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  2. "ITIS Standard Report Page: Parcoblatta pensylvanica". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
  3. "Common names for Pennsylvania wood cockroach (Parcoblatta pennsylvanica)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  4. 1 2 Atkinson, Thomas H.; Koehler, Philip G.; Patterson, Richard S. (1990). "Annotated checklist of cockroaches of Florida (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattidae, Polyphagidae, Blattellidae, Blaberidae)" (PDF). Florida Entomologist. 73 (2): 317. doi:10.2307/3494816. JSTOR   3494816.
  5. 1 2 Blatchley, Willis Stanley (1920). Orthoptera of northeastern America: with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. The Nature Publishing Company. pp.  86–87.
  6. 1 2 Lawson, Fred A. (1967). "Ecological and collecting notes on eight species of Parcoblatta (Orthoptera: Blattidae) and certain other cockroaches". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 40 (3): 267–269. JSTOR   25083633.
  7. 1 2 Vickery, V. R.; Kevan, D. K. McE (1966). "Records of the orthopteroid insects in Ontario". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 97: 18.
  8. Vickery, VR; Scudder, GGE (1987). "The Canadian orthopteroid insects summarized and updated, including a tabular check-list and ecological notes". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 118: 25–46. ISSN   0071-0768.