Pentrich

Pentrich
Pentrich
	; Pentrich Church
	Pentrich Location within Derbyshire
Population	191 (2011)
OS grid reference	SK389525
District	Amber Valley ;
Shire county	Derbyshire ;
Region	East Midlands ;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	RIPLEY
Postcode district	DE5
Dialling code	01773
Police	Derbyshire
Fire	Derbyshire
Ambulance	East Midlands
UK Parliament	Amber Valley ;
	List of places UK England Derbyshire 53°04′N1°25′W / 53.07°N 1.42°W Coordinates: 53°04′N1°25′W / 53.07°N 1.42°W

Last updated October 17, 2022

Pentrich is a small village and civil parish between Belper and Alfreton in Amber Valley, Derbyshire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 Census was 191.^[1]

Pentrich rising

The village gave its name to the Pentrich rising, an armed uprising which occurred on the night of 9/10 June 1817. The name is controversial.^{[ citation needed ]} While much of the planning took place in Pentrich, two of the three ringleaders were from South Wingfield and the other was from Sutton in Ashfield; the 'revolution' itself started from Hunt's Barn in South Wingfield, and the only person killed died in Wingfield Park.

A gathering of some two or three hundred men (stockingers, quarrymen and iron workers), led by Jeremiah Brandreth ('The Nottingham Captain'), (an unemployed stockinger, and claimed, without substantiation, by Gyles Brandreth as an ancestor), set out from South Wingfield to march to Nottingham. They were lightly armed with pikes, scythes and a few guns, which had been hidden in a quarry in Wingfield Park, and had a set of rather unfocussed revolutionary demands, including the wiping out of the National Debt.

The organizer of the event^{[ citation needed ]} turned out to be a government spy, who became known as Oliver the Spy, and the uprising was quashed soon after it began.^[2] Three men were hanged for their participation in the uprising, including Brandreth.^[3]

St Matthew's Church

Whilst St Matthew's Church ^[4] is not mentioned in the Domesday book (1086), a charter of 1154–9 confirms the gift of the church of Pentrich to the canons of Darley Abbey. Of this Norman church or one which shortly after replaced it the five arcades separating the aisles from the nave, parts of the west wall and south aisle and lower part of the tower remain.

The tower was made higher in the late 14th century and the two aisles were rebuilt. Around 1430 a new pointed chancel arch was built, retaining the earlier capitals and piers and a clerestory was added. The tracery of the east window suggests a date of 1420–50.

The font stands on a pedestal dated 1662 but the bowl has decoration typical of the Norman period. During the 19th century the bowl was absent and was used for the salting of beef.

On the exterior of the south chancel wall is a scratch dial or mass clock, a sort of sundial used to show service times.

In literature

Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote the pamphlet "We Pity the Plumage, But Forget the Dying Bird" (1817) contrasting the wretched fate of the 'Pentrich Martyrs' (Brandreth, Turner & Ludlam) to the public mourning for the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales in childbirth a day earlier.

Charles Lamb wrote "The Three Graves" (1820) (which turns out to be not for the condemned men, but their accusers)

...

I ask'd the fiend, for whom these rites were meant?

"These graves," quoth he, "when life's brief oil is spent,

When the dark night comes, and they're sinking bedwards,

I mean for Castles, Oliver, and Edwards."

A fictional account is given of the postwar slump, chartism, the Pentrich Revolution and industrial progress in The Reckoning, Volume 15 of The Morland Dynasty , a series of historical novels by author Cynthia Harrod-Eagles.

Historical romance and erotic novelist Pam Rosenthal involves the hero and heroine of her novel The Slightest Provocation in the unmasking of the Pentrich uprising's government provocateur.

Paul and Clara visit the village in D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers (Chapter 12). Although this is doubtful as he often used nearby placenames as substitutes for the actual location of his novels. Real Pentrich does not fit the context of this story as they walk to "Pentrich" from chapel in Eastwood, too far for an evening stroll. It is more likely Alma Hill near Kimberley with its "ruined windmill".^[5]

Related Research Articles

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Jeremiah Brandreth was an out-of-work stocking maker, living in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, who was executed for treason after being convicted of plotting to overthrow the Government of the United Kingdom. He and two others, who were known as the Pentrich martyrs, were the last people to be beheaded by an axe in an execution in Britain.

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The Pentrich Revolution was an armed uprising in 1817 that began around the village of Pentrich, Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom. It occurred on the night of 9–10 June 1817. While much of the planning took place in Pentrich, two of the three ringleaders were from South Wingfield and the other was from Sutton in Ashfield; the 'revolution' itself started from Hunt's Barn in South Wingfield, and the only person killed died in Wingfield Park.

All Saints’ Church, South Wingfield is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in South Wingfield, Derbyshire.

St Lawrence’s Church, Eyam is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in Eyam, Derbyshire.

St Matthew's Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Pentrich, Derbyshire.

St Lawrence’s Church, North Wingfield is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in North Wingfield, Derbyshire.

The Hundreds of Derbyshire were the geographic divisions of the historic county of Derbyshire for administrative, military and judicial purposes. They were established in Derbyshire some time before the Norman conquest. In the Domesday Survey of 1086 AD the hundreds were called wapentakes. By 1273 the county was divided into 8 hundreds with some later combined, becoming 6 hundreds over the following centuries. The Local Government Act 1894 replaced hundreds with districts. Derbyshire is now divided into 8 administrative boroughs within the Derbyshire County Council area.

References

↑ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
↑ Sean Lang (2011). British History For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-470-74068-2.
↑ John Cannon (4 July 2009). A Dictionary of British History. Oxford University Press. p. 1106. ISBN 978-0-19-955038-8 . Retrieved 17 May 2012.
↑ St Matthew's Church
↑ A DH Lawrence Companion by F.B. Pinion Page 297

Bibliography

Cooper, B (1983) Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent Heinemann, republished 1991 Cromford: Scarthin Books
Cox, J C (1879) The Churches of Derbyshire Vol 4
Pevsner, N (1978) The Buildings of England: Derbyshire

External links

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[1] "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 March 2016.

[Lang2011-2] Sean Lang (2011). British History For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-470-74068-2.

[Cannon2009-3] John Cannon (4 July 2009). A Dictionary of British History. Oxford University Press. p. 1106. ISBN 978-0-19-955038-8 . Retrieved 17 May 2012.

[4] St Matthew's Church

[5] A DH Lawrence Companion by F.B. Pinion Page 297

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