Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom

Last updated

Telephone numbers in United Kingdom
Map of the Telephone Dialling Codes in the United Kingdom.png
Telephone Dialling Codes in the United Kingdom
Location
Country United Kingdom
Continent Europe
Regulator Ofcom
Type Open
NSN length7, 9, 10 [notes 1]
Format various, see text
Numbering plan The National Telephone Numbering Plan
Last updated18 September 2010
Access codes
Country code 44
International access 00
Long-distance 0
List of United Kingdom dialing codes

In the United Kingdom, telephone numbers are administered by the Office of Communications (Ofcom). For this purpose, Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, which is the system for assigning telephone numbers to subscriber stations.

Contents

Telephone numbers are of variable length. Local numbers are supported from landlines. Numbers can be dialled with a '0'-lead prefix that denotes either a geographical region or another service. Mobile phone numbers have distinct prefixes that are not geographic, and are portable between providers.

Structure

All mobile numbers, nearly all geographic numbers, and nearly all non-geographic numbers have ten national (significant) digits after the trunk code 0. The overall structure of the UK's National Numbering Plan is: [1]

PrefixService type
00International
01Geographic area codes
02Geographic area codes (introduced in 2000).
03Non-geographic numbers charged at standard geographic area code rates (introduced in 2007)
04Not in use
05Corporate numbering and VoIP services; toll-free services (0500) until June 2017
06Not in use
07Mobile telephony (071xx–075xx and 077xx–079xx), personal numbering (070xx), non-UK mobile networks (07624) and pagers (076xx)
08 Toll-free services (080x), special-rate services (084x and 087x)
09Premium-rate services

A short sample of geographic numbers, set out in the officially approved (Ofcom) number groups: [2]

NumberLocation
(020) xxxx xxxx London
(024) 7xxx xxxx Coventry
(029) xxxx xxxx Cardiff
(0113) xxx xxxx Leeds
(0114) xxx xxxx Sheffield
(0121) xxx xxxx Birmingham
(0131) xxx xxxx Edinburgh
(0141) xxx xxxx Glasgow
(0151) xxx xxxx Merseyside
(0161) xxx xxxx Greater Manchester
(01642) xx xxxx Teesside
(01223) xx xxxx Cambridge
(01257) xx xxxx Chorley
(01382) xx xxxx Dundee
(01386) xx xxxx Evesham
(01935) xx xxxx Yeovil
(01865) xx xxxx Oxford
(01772) xx xxxx Preston
(01792) xx xxxx Swansea
(01204) xx xxxx Bolton
(015396) xx xxx Sedbergh
(016977) xxxx or xxxxx Brampton
(016064) xxxx or xxxxx Hartford

In the United Kingdom, the "area code" is often referred to as a "subscriber trunk dialling code" (STD code) or a "dialling code". STD codes are two, three, four or, exceptionally, five digits long (after the initial zero). Regions with shorter area codes, typically large cities, permit the allocation of more telephone numbers as the local number part has more digits. Local customer numbers are four to eight digits long. The total number of digits is ten or, very rarely, nine.

The code allocated to the largest population is (020) for London. The code allocated to the largest area is (028) for all of Northern Ireland. The UK Numbering Plan also applies to three British Crown dependencies  Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Man  – even though they are not part of the UK.

Format

Possible number formats for UK telephone numbers are:

Number length10-digit NSN9-digit NSN7-digit NSN6 digits5 digits4 digits3 digits
Number formats(01xx xx) xx xxx
(01xxx) xxx xxx
(01x1) xxx xxxx
(011x) xxx xxxx
(02x) xxxx xxxx
03xx xxx xxxx
055 xxxx xxxx
056 xxxx xxxx
07x xxxx xxxx
07xxx xxx xxx
0800 xxx xxxx
08xx xxx xxxx
09xx xxx xxxx
(01xx xx) xxxx
(01xxx) xx xxx

0800 xxx xxx

0800 11 11
0845 46 4x
118 xxx
116 xxx
170701470
1471
1472
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1571
1572
999
112
111
123
141
101
100
155
105

119

Number ranges starting 01 can have National Significant Number (NSN) length of 10 or (very rarely) 9 digits. NSN is the number of digits after the leading 0 trunk code or +44 international prefix. The 0800 range can have NSN length as 10, 9, or 7 digits. The 0845 range can have NSN length as 10 or 7 digits. The 0500 range had NSN length as 9 digits only, and was withdrawn from use on 3 June 2017. All other UK numbers have NSN length of 10 digits. There are no telephone numbers in the UK with an NSN length of 8 digits.

Geographic numbers

Standard geographic numbers

Geographic telephone numbers in the UK always have nine or ten digits after the 0 trunk code or +44 international dialling prefix.

Four-digit area codes

Four-digit area codes have either six-digit subscriber numbers or a mix of five- and six-digit subscriber numbers.

  • (01xxx) xxx xxx

This is the format used by most areas. It has a four-digit area code (after the initial zero) and a six digit subscriber number, and is known as 4+6 format. These area codes were changed by adding a "1" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Just short of 581 areas use this format, and the area codes range from 01200 to 01998. Almost all (01xxx) area codes now have only six digit subscriber numbers, but a small number of these areas also have some subscriber numbers only five digits in length (see next section).

01224 Aberdeen 22 = AB
01244 Chester 24 = CH
01275 Clevedon 27 = CV
01382 Dundee 38 = DU
01387 Dumfries (mixed)38 = DUlocal numbers cannot begin with 3
01452 Gloucester 45 = GL
01472 Grimsby 47 = GR
01473 Ipswich 47 = IP
01429 Hartlepool 42 = HA
01482 Hull 48 = HU
01539 Kendal (mixed)53 = KElocal numbers cannot begin with 4, 5 or 6
01582 Luton 58 = LU
01642 Teesside or Middlesbrough 64 = MI
01670 Morpeth 67 = MP
01697 Brampton, North West (mixed)69 = NWlocal numbers cannot begin with 3, 4 or 7
01733 Peterborough 73 = PE
01736 Penzance 73 = PE
01772 Preston 77 = PR
01782 Stoke-On-Trent 78 = ST
01792 Swansea 79 = SW
01793 Swindon 79 = SW
01854 Ullapool 85 = UL
01947 Whitby 94 = WH

Six of the four-digit area codes are known as "mixed" areas as they share those four digits with the twelve five-digit area codes. This leads to a restriction as to which initial digits can be used for subscriber numbers within those four-digit area codes, e.g. in the 01387 four-digit area code, subscriber numbers cannot begin with a 3 because 013873 is a separate five-digit area code; likewise in the 01946 four-digit area code, subscriber numbers cannot begin with a 7 because 019467 is a separate five-digit area code.

  • (01xxx) xx xxx

This is used for forty smaller towns which have a mixture of six and five digit local numbers, each type allocated in specific DE blocks*; e.g. in the 01647 area code numbers beginning 24 and 61 have five digits (24xxx and 61xxx; known as 4+5 format) whereas all other DE blocks* within that area code have six digit numbers. The number of places with five digit subscriber numbers and an 01xxx area code has declined rapidly in recent decades. There were 511 ranges allocated across 56 different area codes in January 1998. The Big Number Change removed many, especially in Northern Ireland, and by July 2005 there were only 329 ranges in 42 codes. By April 2010 this had reduced to 324 ranges in 40 codes, with still the same number in November 2012. The 40 area codes are listed in the table below.

*A DE block is a block of numbers where (taking the area code and the subscriber number together) the initial 0 and the next six digits after it are the same for all the subscriber numbers in the block.

(These area codes, like many others, were changed by adding a "1" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995.)

01204 Bolton 20 = BO61–64
01208 Bodmin 20 = BO72–79
01254 Blackburn 25 = BL51–57, 59
01276 Camberley 27 = CR20–29, 31–38, 61–66
01297 Axminster 29 = AX20–24, 32–35
01298 Buxton 29 = BX22–28, 70–74, 77–79, 83–85
01363 Crediton 36 = CN82–85
01364 Ashburton, Devon 36 = DN72, 73
01384 Dudley 38 = DU70, 74–79
01386 Evesham 38 = EV40, 41, 45, 47–49
01404 Honiton 40 = HO41–47
01420 Alton, Hampshire 42 = HA22, 23, 80–89
01460 Chard, Ilminster 46 = IM30, 52–55, 57, 61–68, 72–78
01461 Gretna 46 = GN40
01480 Huntingdon 48 = HU52
01488 Hungerford 48 = HU71–73
01524 Lancaster (mixed)52 = LA32–37, 39, 60–69local numbers cannot begin with 2
01527 Redditch 60–69
01562 Kidderminster 56 = KM60, 66–69
01566 Launceston 56 = LN86
01595 Lerwick 56 = LW86
01606 Northwich, Winsford 60 = NO40–49, 74–77, 79
01629 Matlock 62 = MA55–57
01635 Newbury 63 = NE30–39, 40–49
01647 Moretonhampstead 64 = MH24, 61
01659 Sanquhar, Nithsdale 65 = NL50, 58, 66, 67, 74
01695 Skelmersdale/Ormskirk 50–54
01726 St Austell 72 = SA61, 63–69, 70–77
01744 St Helens 74 = SH20–29
01750 Selkirk 75 = SK20–23, 32, 42, 52, 62, 76, 82
01768 Penrith (mixed)76 = PN882, 883, 884, 886, 887, 888local numbers cannot begin with 3, 4 or 7
01827 Tamworth 82 = TA50–59, 60–69
01837 Okehampton 52–55, 82, 83, 89
01884 Tiverton 88 = TV32–35, 38
01900 Workington 90 = WO61–68, 85
01905 Worcester 90 = WO20–29
01935 Yeovil 93 = YE83
01946 Whitehaven (mixed)94 = WH61–68local numbers cannot begin with 7
01949 Whatton 94 = WH20, 21, 81
01963 Wincanton 96 = WN23, 31–34
01995 Garstang, Wyre 99 = WY61
Three-digit area codes

Three-digit area codes always have seven-digit subscriber numbers and always begin 011x or 01x1.

  • (01x1) xxx xxxx

This is the geographic number format for the first round of five large cities moved to all figure dialling in the 1960s, and subsequently also used in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, eastern County Durham and south-eastern Northumberland from the 1980s onwards. These six areas have a three-digit area code matching the pattern 1x1 (after the initial zero) and a seven digit subscriber number, and this is known as 3+7 format. These area codes were changed by adding a "1" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995.

0121 Birmingham formerly 021 (2 = B)
0131 Edinburgh formerly 031 (3 = E)
0141 Glasgow formerly 041 (4 = G)
0151 Liverpool formerly 051 (5 = L)
0161 Manchester formerly 061 (6 = M)
0171Used for Inner London from 1990 until 2000
0181Used for Outer London from 1990 until 2000
0191County of Tyne and Wear, eastern County Durham,
south-eastern Northumberland
formerly 0386 (Durham; 38 = DU), 0632 (North Tyneside/Newcastle; 63 = NE), 0783 (Sunderland; 78 = SU) and 894 (South Tyneside; 89 = TY); 091 (9 = tYne) from 1982
  • (011x) xxx xxxx

This is the geographic number format for the second round of large cities and towns moved to brand-new three-digit area codes. Five of these were moved in 1995 as a part of PhONEday, with Reading then following a year later. At the time of the change, an extra digit was added to the subscriber number. These six areas have a three-digit area code matching the pattern 11x, with a seven-digit subscriber number, and this is known as 3+7 format. The first three digits of the local number identifies a small area within the town or city. The former Reading area code had already been changed once, by adding a "1" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995.

0113 Leeds formerly 0532 (53 = LE)
0114 Sheffield formerly 0742 (74 = SH)
0115 Nottingham formerly 0602 (60 = NO)
0116 Leicester formerly 0533 (53 = LE)
0117 Bristol formerly 0272 (27 = BR)
0118 Reading formerly 0734, then 01734 (73 = RE)

Two-digit area codes

Two-digit area codes always have eight-digit subscriber numbers and always begin 02.

  • (02x) xxxx xxxx

This is the newest geographic number format. It is used for the third tier of large cities and for Northern Ireland, and was formed as a part of the Big Number Change in 2000. The new area code is much shorter than the old one, and begins 02 unlike the previous 01 area codes. Numbers in these five areas are commonly misquoted, e.g. London as 0207 or Cardiff as 02920. The numbers consist of a two-digit area code matching the pattern 02x, and an eight-digit subscriber number, and this is known as 2+8 format.

The first four digits of the local number identifies a small area within the town or city. At the time of the change, the subscriber part of the number gained an extra digit in London, those in Northern Ireland gained two or three digits, and the subscriber part of the number in the other areas gained two digits. All of these areas were also subject to a previous code change, one that added a "1" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995.

LocationNumberFormerly
020 London (020) 3xxx xxxxNew since 2005
(020) 4xxx xxxxNew since 2019 [3]
(020) 7xxx xxxx0171 (1995–2000)
071 (1990–1995)
01 (1960s–1990)
(020) 8xxx xxxx0181 (1995–2000)
081 (1990–1995)
01 (1960s–1990)
023 Southampton (023) 8xxx xxxx01703 (70 = SO)
Portsmouth (023) 9xxx xxxx01705 (70 = PO)
024 Coventry (024) 7xxx xxxx01203 (20 = CO)
028 Northern Ireland (028) 25xx xxxx Ballymena (01266) xxx xxx
(028) 28xx xxxx Larne (01574) xxx xxx
(028) 37xx xxxx Armagh (01861) xxx xxx
(028) 71xx xxxx Derry [4] [5] (01504) xxx xxx
(028) 82xx xxxx Omagh (01662) xxx xxx
(028) 90xx xxxx Belfast (01232) xxx xxx
(028) 92xx xxxx Lisburn (01846) xxx xxx
(028) 95xx xxxx Belfast New number range
(028) 97xx xxxx Ballynahinch [6] (01238) xxx xxx
029 Cardiff (029) 2xxx xxxx01222 (22 = CA)

Five-digit area codes

Five-digit area codes have either five-digit subscriber numbers or a mix of four- and five-digit subscriber numbers. Five-digit area codes always share their first four digits with four-digit area codes.

  • (01xx xx) xx xxx and (01xx xx) xxxx

This is the oldest geographic number format and is used for twelve smaller towns and villages where the subscriber number is either five or (in one area code) four digits long. These are known as 5+5 and 5+4 format. Therefore, the STD code and the subscriber number does not always total ten digits after the initial zero trunk code. These area codes were changed by adding a "1" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. The number of places using these two formats has declined rapidly in recent decades and Brampton is the last place in the UK with four-digit local numbers.

0138 73 Langholm
0152 42 Hornby
0153 94 Hawkshead
0153 95 Grange-over-Sands
0153 96 Sedbergh
0169 73 Wigton
0169 74 Raughton Head
0169 77 Brampton [7] [8]
0176 83 Appleby
0176 84 Pooley Bridge
0176 87 Keswick
0194 67 Gosforth

The above twelve area codes and their six 'parent' area codes (01387, 01524, 01539, 01697, 01768 and 01946) are known as 'Mixed' areas due to multiple area codes sharing the same SABC digits (i.e. the initial zero and the following four digits).

National-dialling-only ranges

These ranges have subscriber numbers beginning with the digits "0" or "1", e.g.:

0169 770 xxxx Brampton
01332 050 xxx Derby
01382 006 xxx Dundee
0141 005 xxxx Glasgow
0117 101 xxxx Bristol
0118 00x xxxx Reading
020 0003 xxxx London

Currently, these numbers are mostly used as the termination points for non-geographic numbers, and by some automated systems such as alarms. As such they are not usually meant to be directly dialled. Using these numbers directly has been problematic as some mobile phone operators in the UK do not allow access to these ranges, [9] and there may also be difficulty accessing these numbers from outside the UK.

Regulator Ofcom proposes that in future these ranges be released for wider, general-purpose use in up to 70 area codes facing number shortage [10] but then, in order to avoid confusion with codes beginning with these digits, the area code would always have to be dialled for all calls, even from within the same geographic exchange. Accordingly, if these numbers are eventually released for general use, Ofcom proposes completely removing the ability to dial locally without the area code in areas affected.

Requiring the use of the area code also allows additional local numbers starting with normally protected Special Services numbers (such as 999, 101, 111, 112 etc.) to be used, significantly increasing the quantity of numbers available for use. This occurred on 1 November 2012 for the 01202 area code, which covers the Bournemouth area. [11]

Recently, the carrier TalkTalk have inadvertently released parts of the 020 0011 range to the general public, [12] with these numbers currently being in use. For example, the charity Give a Car used the number 020 0011 1664 for a while, but recently switched to a proper London number.

Mobile telephones

Individual mobile phone companies are allocated different ranges within the 073xx, 074xx, 075xx, 07624, 077xx, 078xx and 079xx area codes. Changes to mobile phone numbers in the Big Number Change were mostly straight replacements, such as Vodafone customers on the 0378 block became 07778.

071xx xxx xxxMobile phones (in use since January 2017)
073xx xxx xxxMobile phones (in use since November 2014)
074xx xxx xxxMobile phones (in use since November 2009)
075xx xxx xxxMobile phones (in use since May 2007)
07624 xxx xxxMobile phones on the Isle of Man
077xx xxx xxxMobile phones (former 03xx and 04xx—mostly Vodafone and O2 (formerly Cellnet))
078xx xxx xxxMobile phones (former 05xx, 06xx and 08xx—mostly Vodafone and O2 (formerly Cellnet))
079xx xxx xxxMobile phones (former 09xx—mostly EE (formerly Orange and one2one))
07911 2xx xxx
07911 8xx xxx
Number range for data-only services (e.g. 3G/LTE-enabled tablet computers, portable modem routers, data devices, etc.)

Since the advent of Mobile number portability, mobile phone number prefixes can no longer be relied on to determine the current operator of a particular mobile phone – only the original operator.

Pagers and personal numbering

070 xxxx xxxx Personal numbering
076 xxxx xxxxPagers (excluding 07624, used for mobile phones on the Isle of Man)

Personal numbers beginning 070 are regulated by Phone-paid Services Authority.

Calls to 070 and 076 numbers are often charged at a much higher rate than the similar-looking 07xxx mobile telephone numbers and often they are not included in "inclusive minutes" in phone contracts.

From 1 October 2019, Ofcom has capped the termination or wholesale rate for calls to 070 numbers to be at the same level as for calls to mobile numbers. Ofcom "expect[s] this will allow phone companies to price calls to these numbers or include them in call allowances in the same way that they do for calls to mobile [number]s". [13]

Non-geographic numbers

Non-geographic numbers charged at geographic rate

03xx is a range of non-geographic numbers introduced in 2007 as a cheaper alternative to the shared-cost non-geographic numbers (such as 0870 or 0845 numbers). In contrast to the 084x/087x range, calls to 03 numbers are considered local calls for billing purposes (i.e., like calls to a geographic number 01 or 02). [14] This means that customers who are benefiting from inclusive minutes on mobile phone or landline calling plans are also able to call these numbers using their inclusive minutes. [15]

There are four different ranges of numbers: those beginning 030x are reserved for qualifying public bodies and non-profit organisations; those beginning 033x can be allocated to anyone; and those beginning 034x and 037x have been allocated for migration from the matching 084x and 087x number ranges respectively. [16]

030x xxx xxxx For qualifying public bodies and non-profit organisations as defined by Ofcom
033x xxx xxxxFor any end user
034x xxx xxxxMigration range for operators who have 084x numbers
037x xxx xxxxMigration range for operators who have 087x numbers

Corporate and VoIP numbering

Unlike 03 numbers there is no uniform pricing for 05 numbers; BT charge a number of different rates depending on the number dialled. [17] Some are charged at geographic rate, others not. Other operators are not required to charge the same rates as BT for calling 05 numbers.

055 xxxx xxxxCorporate Numbering (but also used by BT for its Broadband Voice service)
056 xxxx xxxxAllocated by Ofcom for LIECS (Location Independent Electronic Communications Services), e.g. VoIP services

Freephone numbers

Until July 2017, the 0500 range was used for some freephone services which were originally provided by Mercury Communications Ltd (now Cable & Wireless Worldwide). These numbers were different from the rest of the 05 range in that they are only 9 digits in length after the 0 trunk code, e.g. 0500 007 007 (National Savings and Investments), 0500 2 88 2 91 (BBC Radio 2, 88 to 91 FM), 0500 600 600 (Crimewatch), 0500 600 700 (Watchdog[ clarification needed ]) and 0500 909 693 (BBC Radio 5 Live, 909 and 693 kHz). Numerous universities, government departments, airlines, banks and businesses also used these numbers. They were allocated before the general trend of using longer numbers started in 1997 and long before the rest of the 05 range was assigned to corporate and VoIP numbering after 2000.

0500 xxx xxx [notes 2] Special Services – No charge to Customer a.k.a. "Freephone"Free to call from landline, up to 40p per minute from mobile.

The range was withdrawn by Ofcom in July 2017 [18] as a result of a series of consultations starting from 2012. [19] The number range 08085 xxx xxx was made available to owners of 0500 xxx xxx to enable a smooth transition.

0800 xxx xxx [notes 3] Special Services – No charge to Customer a.k.a. "Freephone"Free to call from landline, and was up to 40p per minute from mobile, until July 2015 when calls to 080 numbers from mobiles became free. Calls to certain charity and similar services were always free from most mobiles.
0808 9xx xxxx numbers are used by freephone internet services.
0800 xxx xxxx
0808 xxx xxxx

There is one short "special" number in this range, 0800 11 11 for Childline.

Additionally, numbers in the range 0808 80x xxxx are reserved for not-for-profit helplines and as such are usually free to call from most mobile telephones. Many other numbers can also be called for free from mobiles, [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] but this varies by network.

Fixed-rate or special-rate services

With the exception of 080x freephone numbers, 08xx numbers are charged above geographic rates, with some of the extra revenue going to the terminating telco. This additional revenue may be shared with the subscriber, but is often used instead to subsidise additional network services, such as fax-to-email, virtual office applications, call queuing, voicemail and easy number redirection. None of these call management services is exclusive to 08xx numbers and they could be provided on any number range.

Special Services basic rate range:

0845 xxx xxxxUp to 5p a minute, varies daytime/evening/weekend, from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 42p a minute from mobiles.
0844 00x xxxxNon-BT Discount Scheme—Internet Services incorporating unmetered access up to and including 5p for BT customers
0844 01x xxxx
to
0844 09x xxxx
currently unused
0844 1xx xxxxcurrently unused
0844 2xx xxxx
to
0844 9xx xxxx
Up to 4.26p a minute (plus VAT), varies daytime/evening/weekend, from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 42p a minute from mobiles.
0843 xxx xxxxUp to 4.26p a minute (plus VAT), but fixed (e.g. always 3p/minute or always 4p/minute) from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 42p a minute from mobiles.
0842 xxx xxxxUp to 4.26p a minute (plus VAT), but fixed (e.g. always 3p/minute or always 4p/minute) from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 42p a minute from mobiles.

There were a few short "special" number in this range, such as 0845 46 47 for NHS Direct; this was closed in 2014 and replaced by NHS 111, except in Wales where the transition took place in 2015.

Special Services higher rate range:

0870 xxx xxxxUp to 8p a minute (plus VAT), varies daytime/evening/weekend (charged at no more than the caller would pay for a call to a Geographic Number) from landline; up to 42p a minute from mobiles.
0871 0xx xxxxInternet Services metered access, up to and including 10p/minute for BT customers.
0871 1xx xxxxcurrently unused
0871 2xx xxxx
to
0871 9xx xxxx
Up to 8.5p a minute (plus VAT) but fixed (e.g. always 6p/minute or always 8.5p/minute) from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 50p a minute from mobiles.
0872 xxx xxxxUp to 8.5p a minute (plus VAT) but fixed (e.g. always 6p/minute or always 8.5p/minute) from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 50p a minute from mobiles.
0873 xxx xxxxUp to 8.5p a minute (plus VAT) but fixed (e.g. always 6p/minute or always 8.5p/minute) from BT landline, other providers may charge more; up to 50p a minute from mobiles.

The usage of 0871, 0872 and 0873 numbers is regulated by PhonepayPlus. [28]

There was widespread confusion about the cost of calling 084 and 087 numbers until 2015. They often do not qualify for discounts and bundled minutes, and can be prohibitively expensive when called from mobiles and payphones. Many major companies persist in misdescribing them as "Local Rate", "Lo Call" (often as 'locall rate' which can be easily misread as 'local rate') or "National Rate" for which the Advertising Standards Authority can take action. [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42]

Access charge and service charge

From 1 July 2015, the charge for calls to 084, 087, 09 and 118 numbers has been simplified. It is split into two parts: An access charge, payable to the telephone service provider – e.g. BT, EE, Sky – plus a service charge paid to the company offering the service.

Companies with 084, 087, and 09 numbers must declare the service charge element of the call cost when advertising their phone number; for example, a number may be advertised saying "Calls cost 20p per minute plus your phone company's access charge". [43] Telecoms companies must inform their customers about their access charge for calling each number range. The EU Consumer Rights Directive requires that many entities that held 084 and 087 numbers will no longer be allowed to use them. The directive bans the usage of numbers that cost more than calling a geographic number for customer service and complaints lines, and other such purposes. [44] [45] Since Britain left the EU the Directive as such no longer applies, but its provisions may have been incorporated into British law.[ needs update ]

Other 08xx number ranges

0820 xxx xxxxSpecial Services: Internet for schools
0899 9xx xxxxInbound routing codes

Premium rate content services (PRS and SES)

Numbers in the 09xx range are charged at the highest rates of any calls within the United Kingdom, and are controlled by various regulations regarding their use. The regulator is the Phone-paid Services Authority, formerly PhonepayPlus. [28] There are a large number of charge bands, some with high pence-per-minute rates, others with a high fixed-price for the entire call.

090x xxx xxxxPremium rate content services (PRS)
0908 xxx xxxx
0909 xxx xxxx
Sexual entertainment services (SES) (not available for new allocations)
091x xxx xxxxPremium rate non-content services (PRS)
098x xxx xxxxSexual entertainment services (SES)

The earlier unused 092x xxx xxxx – 099x xxx xxxx allocation for "Broadband Internet Services" no longer exists and was removed from the number plan in 2005.

Crown dependencies

Although calls from UK landlines to landlines in the islands are charged at the same rate as those to other UK landlines (i.e. they are not treated as international calls), calls may be excluded from calling plans offering unlimited UK fixed-line calls.

Mobile operators may also charge more for calls to the islands and these calls are usually excluded from calling plans. Calls and SMS messages sent to island mobile phone numbers are not charged at the same rate as calls to UK mobile phone numbers.

Guernsey

This area code is used for the Bailiwick of Guernsey, i.e. including Alderney and Sark.

(01481) xxx xxxFixed line48 = GU
(01481) 822 xxxFixed line (Alderney)
(01481) 823 xxx
(01481) 824 xxx
(01481) 832 xxxFixed line (Sark)
(01481) 833 xxx
07781 xxx xxx Sure mobile phones and pagers
07839 xxx xxxAirtel Vodafone mobile phones
07911 xxx xxxWave Telecom mobile phones, not for UK

Jersey

(01534) xxx xxxFixed line53 = JE
07509 xxx xxx Jersey Telecom mobile phones and pagers
07797 xxx xxx
07937 xxx xxx
07700 xxx xxx Sure mobile network
07829 xxx xxxAirtel Vodafone mobile network

Several Jersey companies also have non-geographic numbers allocated. [46]

Isle of Man

(01624) xxx xxxFixed line62 = MA
07624 xxx xxxMobile phones and paging services
07524 xxx xxxMobile phones additional capacity
07924 xxx xxx

On the Isle of Man, both fixed (01624) and mobile phone (07624) numbers can be dialled locally in the six-digit format.

Fictitious numbers

Ofcom has also reserved certain number ranges for use in media productions, such as radio and television dramas and films; so as to avoid the risk of people having genuine telephone numbers displayed and receiving unwanted calls. This is similar to the use of fictitious telephone numbers in other countries.

In most of the large cities with three-digit area codes, a range of numbers is reserved, usually all the numbers starting with the digits 496. For fictitious numbers in other areas not using three-digit area codes, the area code 01632 is reserved; this code is not in use, although 0632 was previously used for Newcastle upon Tyne until the late 1980s (63 = NE), and briefly reallocated for use by premium rate services in the 1990s. There are also reserved ranges for fictitious mobile, freephone, and premium rate numbers. [47] [48]

The Post Office even produced dial centre labels for use in advertisements and film / TV with a mythical exchange called VINcent plus four digits. The numerical equivalent of VIN was 846, and all the caller got was the speaking clock (i.e. 846 is also numerical equivalent of TIM) in the big city 'Director' areas. [49]

At around the same time as the other Big Number Change changes, Ofcom revised their recommendations to update the prefixes, add additional areas and increase the size of the allocation from 10 to 1,000 numbers per block. Those changes are listed in the Big Number Change article.

In Coronation Street , the fictional Manchester suburb of Weatherfield uses the unallocated range 0161 715 xxxx. [50]

Mobile numbers beginning with 07700 are frequently seen in TV dramas. These numbers have been specifically set aside for TV and radio dramas.

Special service numbers

Emergency services and helplines

The UK has two free emergency numbers: the traditional 999, which is still widely used, and the EU standard 112. Both 999 and 112 are used to contact all emergency services: Police, Fire Service, Ambulance Service and Coastguard. (Standard advice for Mountain Rescue or Cave Rescue is to ask the emergency operator for the police, who oversee the communication with these two services. [51] [52] [53] )

Both numbers can be called from mobile phones with the keylock on or without entering the PIN where that would otherwise be required. Although some mobile phones allow emergency calls to be attempted without a SIM card, at present the UK networks reject such calls. Since November 2009, an emergency call can be made through any UK mobile network as long as there is a SIM for any valid UK network in the handset. Although UK VOIP phone providers are required to offer 999 / 112 service, this is subject to a registration for the service and with a verified service address and users need to be aware such service may not work in a power blackout; however, International VOIP providers may not provide this service.

The chargeable number 101 was introduced for non-urgent crime and community safety calls on a trial basis in 2006. In Wales, the scheme was taken forward by all four police forces, who adopted the number for non-emergency calls on a permanent basis in early 2009. In England, the scheme was on trial until 2012, when it was adopted nationwide and the cost to call changed from 10p per call to 15p per call. In Northern Ireland, the number was introduced by the Police Service of Northern Ireland in March 2014. [54] Since 1 April 2020 the number is free to call.

The operator is obtained via 100 from landlines, while directory enquiries, formerly 192, is now provided in the 118xxx range, (not to be confused with 0118, the area code for Reading.) e.g. 118 212, 118 800, 118 500, 118 118, by different companies. International operator assistance is reached through 155.

From early 2010, the pan-European 116 number range came into use for social helplines. The first three numbers allocated were Missing People using 116 000 for a missing children helpline, the NSPCC ChildLine on 116 111, and Samaritans using 116 123 for an emotional support helpline.[ citation needed ] A recent[ when? ] consultation for the numbers 116 106 and 116 117 has yet to see any result.

The National Health Service (NHS) can be reached on 111 for non-emergency calls (from landlines and mobiles only). In other European countries, the number 116 117 is used for a similar purpose.

The NHS has also launched a COVID-19 helpline on 119 relating to swabbing so these calls do not go through the 111 call centre.

Local electricity network operators can be reached on 105 to report power cuts. [55]

Two telephone helplines within the regular code space have only eight digits, namely 0800 11 11 for ChildLine and 0845 4647 for NHS Direct in Wales.

The number 159 ('Call 159') has been introduced to give a standard number for calling banks, in an effort to reduce scams where people are tricked into calling someone pretending to be their bank. [56]

Speaking clock

Since the mid-1990s, speaking clock services have been available throughout Great Britain using the number 123. Before this, exchanges in "Director" areas (Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, London and Manchester) dialled 846 (TIM), later changing to 123; main exchanges in "non-Director" areas originally used "952", later changing to "80" with the introduction of STD and eventually to "8081" as other recorded services were introduced on 80X1 codes. Some mobile operators allocate other services to 123, such as customer services or voicemail.

Automated services and access codes

Short codes beginning with 1 are reserved for telecom service providers' own functionality; some of the most well-known are codes for use with Caller Display:

141Withhold numberwhen normally released
1470Release numberwhen normally withheld
1471Last call information and returncaller may press 3 to return call on most networks
14751471 erasureremoves details of last call from 1471 service. May need to be prefixed with 1470 if number is normally withheld
1477Automatic Call TraceStores number (even if withheld) of nuisance caller at terminating exchange for subsequent investigation and enforcement,

but service is seldom enabled by default

1571Voicemail serviceFor people who do not have answering machines.
If there is a new message, the dial tone will be stuttered.
1572BT Call ProtectTo divert nuisance calls to junk voicemail.
#31#Withhold number141 equivalent for use on mobile networks

Many fixed-line telephone subscribers, e.g. of BT, [57] Virgin Media, [58] SkyTalk, TalkTalk, and PlusNet, have the opportunity to use an automated messaging service which takes messages when the called number is either engaged ("busy") or not answered within a given time. This can be accessed by calling 1571 .

For fixed-line users, it is possible to override the carrier pre-selection (CPS) on a per-call basis, dialling a special code before the number, e.g. 1280 for BT, 1664 for LowerCall, or 1844 for Daisy. Ofcom defines the range for these as: "124 to 140, 143 to 146, 148 to 149, 160 to 169, and 181 to 189, inclusive. Numbers of up to 5 digits used to access an Indirect Access Provider ('Type B Access Codes')". [59]

History

Telephone numbers in Overseas Territories

Telephone numbers in British Overseas Territories do not come under the UK telephone numbering plan. These calls are treated as international calls. Below are the access codes for the overseas territories:

North American Numbering Plan

Others

See also

Notes

  1. 7 for two special 08xx numbers; 9 in some 01xxx areas, one 01xxxx area, all 0500 numbers, and some 0800 numbers; 10 in all other areas and mobile phones
  2. Older pre-PhONEday nine-digit 0500 numbers were left as nine-digit numbers after PhONEday. No new 0500 number ranges were released after PhONEday.
  3. Older pre-PhONEday nine-digit 0800 numbers were left as nine-digit numbers after PhONEday. All new 0800 number ranges released after PhONEday have ten digits after the 0 trunk code.

Related Research Articles

A toll-free telephone number or freephone number is a telephone number that is billed for all arriving calls. For the calling party, a call to a toll-free number from a landline is free of charge. A toll-free number is identified by a dialing prefix similar to an area code. The specific service access varies by country.

A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering scheme used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, reachable by a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbering plans are defined in each of the administrative regions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and in private telephone networks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Australia</span>

The Australian telephone numbering plan governs the allocation of telephone numbers in Australia. It has changed many times, the most recent major reorganisation by the Australian Communications and Media Authority taking place between 1994 and 1998.

In Argentina, area codes are two, three, or four digits long. Local customer numbers are six to eight digits long. The total number of digits is ten, for example, phone number (11) 1234-5678 for Buenos Aires is made up of a 2-digit area code number and an 8-digit subscriber's number, while (383) 123-4567 would be an example of a Catamarca number.

The Big Number Change addressed various issues with the telephone dialling plan in the United Kingdom, during the late 1990s and early 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland</span>

Numbers on the Irish telephone numbering plan are regulated and assigned to operators by ComReg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Singapore</span>

Telephone numbers in Singapore, also known as the National Numbering Plan, are regulated by the Info-communications Media Development Authority (IMDA). Due to the small geographical size of Singapore, there are no area or trunk codes; all numbers belong to one numbering area, and thus come in the same 8-digit format. Numbers are categorised based on the first digit, thus providing ten possible categories, of which six are currently in use and the remaining four reserved for future usage.

Widespread UK telephone code misconceptions, in particular brought on by the Big Number Change in 2000, have been reported by regulator Ofcom since publication of a report it commissioned in 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Romania</span>

The dialling plan for mobile networks and new landline operators is closed; all subscriber numbers must be dialled in full. For landline numbers starting with 02, the dialling plan used to be open; the trunk digit and area code could be omitted if the caller was in the same area code as the callee. However, starting May 3, 2008, all landline numbers must be dialled in full.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">020</span> Dialling code for London in the United Kingdom

020 is the national dialling code for London in the United Kingdom. All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of eight digits and it has capacity for approaching 100 million telephone numbers. The code is used at 170 telephone exchanges in and around Greater London as part of the largest linked numbering scheme in the United Kingdom. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling London from abroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Former Australian dialling codes</span>

The format of telephone numbers in Australia has changed over time to allow for the expansion of the subscriber base as technology has improved.

0191 is the UK telephone dialling code used by Newcastle upon Tyne, Durham, Sunderland and other nearby areas in the north east of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PhONEday</span> 1995 day in which UK telephones were renumbered

PhONEday was a change to telephone numbering in the United Kingdom on Sunday 16 April 1995. A shortage of unique telephone numbers in the old dialling system meant that it was becoming increasingly difficult in certain areas of the country to assign unique numbers to new subscribers. To counteract this, dialling codes starting with 0 were changed to start with 01. In Bristol, Leeds, Leicester, Nottingham and Sheffield, the existing area codes, which were 5 digits in length, were instead entirely replaced with new codes comprising 4 digits, to increase the amount of possible numbers by a factor of ten. The changes made possible the ability to provision new numbers in each of these five cities. It also had the effect of assigning all geographic landline telephone numbers into one range of numbers starting with 01, allowing for further changes to be made at the Big Number Change in 2000. A £16m advertising campaign, and an eight-month parallel period during which both old and new codes were active, preceded the change. PhONEday followed a change made in May 1990, when the old London area code 01 was released from use, permitting all United Kingdom geographic numbers to begin with this prefix. Originally planned in 1991 to take place in 1994, in 1992 the change was postponed until the Easter Sunday bank holiday in 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Israel</span>

Telephone numbers in Israel consist of an area code and a subscriber number. The dial plan type in Israel is closed, and "0" is the internal trunk prefix in Israel. Israel's country calling code is +972.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Germany</span>

The regulation of telephone numbers in Germany is the responsibility of the Federal Network Agency of the German government. The agency has a mandate to telecommunications in Germany and other infrastructure systems.

National conventions for writing telephone numbers vary by country. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) publishes a recommendation entitled Notation for national and international telephone numbers, e-mail addresses and Web addresses. Recommendation E.123 specifies the format of telephone numbers assigned to telephones and similar communication endpoints in national telephone numbering plans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Georgia (country)</span>

Telephone numbers in Georgia consist of 9 digits and follow a closed numbering plan in which the initial 2 or 3 digits indicate the service or area code and the remaining 6 or 7 digits identify the subscriber.

01708 is the national dialling code for Romford in the United Kingdom. The area it serves includes almost all of the London Borough of Havering and some adjacent areas. When STD codes were first introduced, Romford was assigned 0708 and 0402 was used for the rest of the current code area. After a sequence of changes in the early 1990s, culminating with PhONEday, the current 01708 code became active on 16 April 1995. All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of six digits. The code is used at eight telephone exchanges as part a linked numbering scheme. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling Romford from abroad.

Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom have a flexible structure that reflects their historical demands, starting from many independent companies through a nationalised near-monopoly, to a system that supports many different services, including cellular phones, which were not envisaged when the system was first built. Numbers evolved in a piecemeal fashion, with numbers initially allocated on an exchange-by-exchange basis for calls connected by manual operators. Subscriber numbers reflected demand in each area, with single digit telephone numbers in very rural areas and longer numbers in cities.

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