People's Liberation Guerrilla Army | |
---|---|
जन मुक्ति सेना | |
Leader | Muppala Lakshmana Rao |
Dates of operation | 2 December 2000 – present |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Ideology | |
Political position | Far-left |
Size | 500–600 (as of 2025) [1] |
Opponents | ![]() |
Battles and wars | Naxalite-Maoist insurgency |
The People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) is the armed wing of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned political organisation in India [2] which aims to overthrow the Indian Government through protracted people's war. [3]
The People's Liberation Guerrilla Army was founded on 2 December 2000 [4] and known as the People's Guerrilla Army (PGA) by the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, also known as the People's War Group. [5] The PLGA was founded on the first death anniversary of their three Central Committee members, who were killed in an encounter in Koyyuru. [6] In 2004, when the People's War Group merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI) to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist), their respective armed wings also merged. [7] Therefore, the People's Guerrilla Army (the military wing of the People's War Group) and the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (the military wing of MCCI) combined to form the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army. [8]
The PLGA is controlled by the Central Military Commission of the CPI (Maoist). [9] The analyses in September 2013, based on Maoists' intercepted communication, suggested that the estimated number of PLGA members had decreased (from 10,000−12,000) [10] to 8,000−9,000. [11] Recently in March 2014, Gautam Navlakha has claimed that the PLGA's strength did not decrease but has increased, however, the guerrilla zone has been geographically reduced. He writes that "the number of companies and platoons of PLGA increased from 8 companies and 13 platoons in 2008 to 12 companies and more than 25 platoons, plus a supply platoon in 2013." [12] All the PLGA members are volunteers and they do not receive any wages. [13] The count of Jan (People's) Militia is around 38,000 which is mostly composed of the tribal people who uses bows and arrows as their weapons and allegedly provide logistical support to the PLGA. [14] During her visit to the Maoist's guerrilla zones few years back, Arundhati Roy noted that the PLGA was 45% female, [13] but the recent analyses suggests that now the female comrades compose 60% of the PLGA. [10] Now, the women commanders heads 20 of the 27 divisions in the Red corridor. [12] It has a military intelligence wing, Central Instruction Team and the Central Action Team. [9] Maoists manufactures 80% of their arms and looted others from the security forces. [15] Kishenji was one of the commanders-in-chief of the PLGA who oversaw several attacks. [16]
On 6 April 2010, an attack on Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in their camp in Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh killed 76 CRPF personnel. [17] This is considered to be the biggest attack by the armed wing of the Maoist. On 25 May 2013, the PLGA targeted the convoy of Congress leaders in Chhattisgarh; twenty-seven people died, including Mahendra Karma, the founder of Salwa Judum. Karma had been the main target. [18] [19]
On 4 April 2021, Chhattisgarh Naxal attack, A group of an estimated 400 Maoists, armed with LMGs, had ambushed security forces deployed for a special operation, killing at least 22 personnel and injuring 30 others, besides decamping with over a dozen sophisticated arms. [20]
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a banned Maoist communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the Republic of India through protracted people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the CPIML People's War and the MCCI. The party has been designated as a terrorist organisation in India under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act since 2009.
Mahendra Karma was an Indian political leader belonging to Indian National Congress from Chhattisgarh. He was the leader of the opposition in the Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha from 2004 to 2008. In 2005, he played a top role in organising the Salwa Judum movement against Naxalites, a Maoist group in Chhattisgarh. He was a Minister of Industry and Commerce in the Ajit Jogi cabinet since the state formation in 2000 to 2004. He was assassinated by Naxalites on 25 May 2013 in the 2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley while returning from a Parivartan Rally meeting organised by his party in Sukma.
Salwa Judum was a militia that was mobilised and deployed as part of counterinsurgency operations in Chhattisgarh, India, aimed at countering Naxalite activities in the region. The militia, consisting of local tribal youth, received support and training from the Chhattisgarh state government. It was outlawed and banned by a Supreme Court court order but continues to exist in the form of armed auxiliary forces, District Reserve Groups, and other vigilante groups.
Muppala Lakshmana Rao, commonly known by his nom de guerre Ganapathy, is a major figure in the Indian Maoist movement and former General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned Maoist insurgent communist party in India. He resigned from the post in November 2018.
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is part of an ongoing conflict between left-wing extremist groups and the Indian government. The Naxalites are a group of communist supportive groups, who often follow Maoist political sentiment and ideology.
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is part of an ongoing conflict between Left-wing extremist groups and the Indian government. The insurgency started after the 1967 Naxalbari uprising and the subsequent split of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) leading to the creation of a Marxist–Leninist faction. The faction splintered into various groups supportive of Maoist ideology, claiming to fight a rural rebellion and people's war against the government.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG), was an underground communist party in India. It merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. Muppala Lakshmana Rao ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party. The ideology of the party was Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
Operation Green Hunt is the name used by the Indian media to describe the "all-out offensive by paramilitary forces and the states forces" against the Naxalites. The operation is believed to have begun in November 2009 along five states in the "Red Corridor."
Prashant Bose, commonly known by his nom de guerre Kishan or Kishan da is an Indian politician who is a senior Politburo member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist). He has previously used Nirbhay Mukherjee, Kajal, Kishan-da and Mahesh as aliases. Kishan, the former MCCI chief is now No. 2 in the CPI (Maoist). He is in charge of Bihar and Jharkhand and heading the Party's Eastern Regional Bureau. And this Bengali Maoist leader, 74 in age is also a known intellectual of the party. He joined in Naxalite movements as a trade union activist in 1967 and continued to play a key role in Left-wing politics in India.
Kartam Joga alias Rajesh is an adivasi leader, who serves as a state committee member, technical department and military wing in-charge for the South Bastar division of the banned Communist Party of India (Maoist), CPI (Maoist). He was imprisoned in Chhattisgarh on suspicion of participating in the Tarmetla ambush in which 75 members of the Central Reserve Police Force were killed by CPI (Maoist) forces. Amnesty International named him a prisoner of conscience and described the charges against him as "fabricated". He was acquitted at his trial for lack of evidence. He also served as a Zilla Panchayat member from Jagargunda Constituency No. 11.
Narmada was an Indian politician who was one of the "senior-most" female cadres of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned Maoist insurgent communist party in India. She was a Central Committee member of the party, and reportedly used to frame "all policies for the female cadre of Maoists."
On 25 May 2013, Naxalite insurgents of the Communist Party of India (Maoist) attacked a convoy of Indian National Congress leaders in the Jhiram Ghati, Darbha Valley in the Sukma district of Chhattisgarh, India. The attack caused at least 27 deaths, including that of former state minister Mahendra Karma and Chhattisgarh Congress chief Nand Kumar Patel. Vidya Charan Shukla, a senior Congress leader, succumbed to his injuries on 11 June 2013.
Katakam Sudarshan, commonly known by his nom de guerre Anand, was an Indian politician who was a Politburo member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned Maoist insurgent communist party in India.
Abujhmarh is a hilly forest area, spread over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi) in Chhattisgarh, covering Narayanpur district, Bijapur district and Dantewada district. It is home to indigenous tribes of India, including Gond, Muria, Abujhmarhia, Madiya, and Halba. It was only in 2009 that the Government of Chhattisgarh lifted the restriction on the entry of common people in the area imposed in the early 1980s. Geographically isolated and largely inaccessible, the area continues to show no physical presence of the civil administration, and is also known as "liberated-zone" as it is an alleged hub of Naxalite-Maoist insurgency, the banned Communist Party of India (Maoist) and its military wing, People's Liberation Guerilla Army (PLGA), who run a parallel government in the area.
Kadari Satyanarayan Reddy, commonly known by his nom de guerre, Kosa, was an Indian politician who was a Central Committee member of the Community Party of India, a banned Maoist insurgent communist party in India.
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Deo Kumar Singh, commonly known by his nom de guerre Arvind Ji, Vikash Ji and Sujeet Ji, was an Indian politician who was the leader of the Indian Maoist movement and the Politburo Member of Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned communist party in India. He spent his life as a student leader, a mass organiser and later led and strategised the guerrilla warfare against the Indian state.
Nambala Keshava Rao, commonly known by his nom de guerre Basavraj or Gaganna, is an Indian Maoist politician and General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), currently on NIA's list of most wanted absconders.
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The 2021 Sukma-Bijapur attack was an ambush carried out by the Naxalite-Maoist militants from the Communist Party of India (Maoist) against Indian security forces on 3 April 2021 at Sukma-Bijapur border near Jonaguda village which falls under Jagargunda police station area in Sukma district of Chhattisgarh, the ensuing gunfight lead to the killing of 22 security personnel as well as 20 Naxalites. The death toll was the worst for Indian security forces fighting the Naxalites since 2017.
It is an entirely voluntary army. Nobody is paid a salary.