People's Republic of South Yorkshire

South Yorkshire following the 2017 general election. For the first time, every seat in the county was held by Labour (red) after this election.

"People's Republic of South Yorkshire" or "Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire" were nicknames often given to South Yorkshire under the left-wing local governments of the 1980s, especially the municipal socialist administration of Sheffield City Council led by David Blunkett, used by both detractors and supporters of the councils. ^[1] The councils pursued a social policy radically different from that of Margaret Thatcher's national government, following more closely along the lines of Militant tendency-dominated Liverpool City Council and the Greater London Council led by Ken Livingstone. ^[2]

The expression was coined by Max Williams, a leader writer at the Yorkshire Evening Post , although it was soon adopted by supporters of the council's left-wing policies. ^[3] Sheffield Hallam was the only parliamentary constituency in South Yorkshire where the Conservative Party was a significant political force, the remaining seats being Labour safe seats or Liberal–Labour marginals. ^[4] Sheffield City Council and the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Authority were solidly left-wing, remaining socialist even as Thatcherism became the dominant political ideology in the country at large.

Sheffield City Council constructed large council estates with large numbers of communal blocks of flats based on the streets in the sky philosophy, including the Park Hill complex, ^[5] and the borough councils of South Yorkshire set up an extensive network of subsidised transport under the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive. ^[6] The councils also took more confrontational steps against the Conservative Westminster government. Sheffield refused to set a budget in the rate-capping rebellion, while South Yorkshire declared itself a nuclear-free zone and a demilitarized zone. ^[7] The red flag flew on Sheffield Town Hall on May Day ^[8] and the city signed a peace treaty with the city of Donetsk in Soviet Ukraine, at that point on the other side of the Iron Curtain. ^[7] Both groups of policies – the practical and the symbolic – were sometimes cited as reasons for the nickname. The National Union of Mineworkers moved to headquarters in Sheffield in 1983 in the run-up to the decisive 1984–85 miners' strike, and the area subsequently became one of the main centres of the strike. ^[9]

Legacy

Although it lost some of its relevance following the Labour Party's shift towards New Labour and the expulsion of the left-wing elements of the party, along with the replacement of Thatcherism with the more superficially moderate Majorism and Blairism, the name remains in use for the area, which is still dominated by the political left. Up until and including the 2015 general election, the only seat in South Yorkshire not held by Labour was Sheffield Hallam, which was held at the time of the election by the-then Leader of the Liberal Democrats and Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nick Clegg. However, despite Labour not winning, the party did increase its vote by a net of 11,634 relative to 2010 and the Labour Party candidate Oliver Coppard significantly reduced then-Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg's majority from 15,284 votes to just 2,353 votes. ^{[10] [11]}

South Yorkshire following the 2019 general election. Most constituencies voted to return a Labour MP (red); constituencies won by the Conservatives are in blue.

Labour, supported by the left-wing group Momentum, gained Sheffield Hallam at the 2017 snap general election for the first time ever, while also retaining all the South Yorkshire seats it previously represented, meaning that Labour controlled every seat in South Yorkshire for the first time. The Labour candidate Jared O'Mara won a majority of 2,125 votes over Liberal Democrat Nick Clegg, and Clegg's loss was one of the major high-profile losses on the night of 8 June 2017. O'Mara was suspended from the Labour Party on 25 October 2017 after it emerged that he had made derogatory comments online about women and homosexuals, years prior to his election. ^{[12] [lower-alpha 1]}

As of 2017, all four metropolitan borough councils (Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield) were under Labour control, and the Conservatives did not hold a single seat in Rotherham or Sheffield. ^[13] However, in the 2019 general election, the Conservative Party won three seats in South Yorkshire for the first time: Don Valley, Rother Valley and Penistone & Stocksbridge. Labour had considerably reduced majorities in the remaining seats in Barnsley, Rotherham and Doncaster and in Sheffield South East and Sheffield Hallam, although their support remained strong in the other Sheffield constituencies.

At the 2021 local council elections, the Conservative Party gained one seat on Sheffield City Council (its first in over 15 years) and 20 seats on Rotherham Council. They also held the one seat they were defending in Barnsley and increased their representation on Doncaster Council by four seats. In the Police and Crime Commissioner election held the same day, the party increased its share of the vote by 21.5% compared with the 2016 by-election.

See also

• List of city nicknames in the United Kingdom

Footnotes

1. Jared O'Mara, who won Sheffield Hallam as the Labour candidate in 2017, was suspended from the party that same year.

References

1. McDowell, Linda (2011). Redundant Masculinities? Employment Change and White Working Class Youth. ISBN   978-1444355598. ... local politics in Sheffield were dominated by a particular form of radical municipal socialism, gaining the city a brief but prestigious reputation as the Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire.
2. Payling, Daisy (1 December 2014). "'Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire': Grassroots Activism and Left-Wing Solidarity in 1980s Sheffield". Twentieth Century British History. 25 (4): 602–627. doi:10.1093/tcbh/hwu001. ISSN   0955-2359.
3. Lazenby, Peter (31 August 2012). "Generations Unite". Morning Star . Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012. The steel city – much of its steel industry wrecked under Thatcher – was at the heart of what used to be proudly called the Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire.
4. Waller, Robert (1985). The Atlas of British Politics. p. 135. ISBN   978-0709936091. The Conservatives can win only one seat in the so-called 'Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire'.
5. Mollona, Massimiliano (2009). Made in Sheffield: An Ethnography of Industrial Work and Politics . p.  65. ISBN   978-1845455514.
6. Loney, Martin & Bocock, Robert (1991). The State or the market: politics and welfare in contemporary Britain. p. 281. ISBN   978-0803986428. In contrast Labour did have effective control of public transport in the metropolitan counties following the 1981 elections, and their aim, indeed the achievement of the 'Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire', was to run a cheap, efficient and extensive public transport service.
7. Justice of the Peace Ltd (1983). Local Government Review. 147: 99. Councillor Irvine Patnick, the leader of the minority Tory group on the South Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council, apparently makes regular reports to the national chairman of his party and other Conservative high-ups on the situation in that beleaguered county which he refers to either as the Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire or (since the authority declared South Yorks to be a demilitarised and nuclear-free zone) Peace County.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
8. "Radio 4 - Factual — Children of the Red Flag". BBC. 16 October 2006. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
9. Milne, Seumas (2004). The Enemy Within. p. 170. ISBN   978-1844675081. Sheffield, at the centre of the country's largest coalfield and renowned at the time as the capital of the 'socialist republic of South Yorkshire', offered by far the best deal and it was there that the NUM set up shop in the spring of 1983.
10. Criddle, Bryon (2002). Almanac of British Politics. Vol. 7. p.  302. ISBN   978-0415268332. The 'Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire' has not always been as solidly Labour as it is now, with just one Liberal Democrat seat in the shape of Sheffield Hallam breaking the monopoly.
11. Reed, James (8 May 2015). "South Yorkshire results: Labour hold Barnsley and Rotherham heartlands". Yorkshire Post . Retrieved 11 June 2015.
12. Cooke, Rachel (18 June 2017). "Jared O'Mara, the pub-owning first-time MP who won Nick Clegg's seat". The Observer . Retrieved 27 October 2017.
13. Pantry, Lindsay & Roberts, John (8 May 2015). "Yorkshire's council election results in full: Success for Labour and Tories". Yorkshire Post . Retrieved 11 June 2015.