| Phoneutria bahiensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Ctenidae |
| Genus: | Phoneutria |
| Species: | P. bahiensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Phoneutria bahiensis | |
Phoneutria bahiensis is a species of spiders in the family Ctenidae, found in Brazil. [1] It's known in Brazilian Portuguese as Armadeira da Bahia, (Bahia armed spider). [2]
Phoneutria bahiensis can reach 3.5 cm in body length and 14 cm with leg-span. P. bahiensis is very similar in appearance to Phoneutria fera and Phoneutria reidyi : its anterior flat lobe is convex while much more distinct in P. fera, and poorly developed in P. reidyi. The pedipalps are dorsally dark brown, with the retrolateral face of the patella and tibia with barn bands. The opistosome is dorsally dark brown, with yellow-orange bristles. The ventral part is dark brown with four series of light yellow spots. In males, the tibia is equal to or greater than the cambium, and the plunger is straight with a slightly curved tip. The males also have a reduced retrolateral tibial apophysis of the pedipalp. The coloration of the males is similar to that of the females, except for the exchange with a median longitudinal orange band. The cheliceras of the females are dark brown with yellow bristles. [3]
Phoneutria bahiensis is usually found on top of trees in the Atlantic Forest. It is carnivorous, feeding on insects, other spiders, frogs, lizards, and small mice. Like other wandering spiders it does not use webs to hunt, instead actively hunting on the forest floor. It attacks and uses a paralyzing toxin to immobilize its prey. Unlike other wandering spiders, P. bahiensis is rarely aggressive. [4]
This species is endemic to Brazil, being found in the Atlantic Forest from the south of Bahia to the north of Espirito Santo. [4]
Although not much is known about this species, it is venomous and should be treated with caution. [4] Out of 12 reported bites, 5 developed heart failure. (See Pathophysiology of spider bites).
Phoneutria is a genus of spiders in the family Ctenidae of potential medical significance to humans. They are mainly found in northern South America, with one species in Central America. Members of the genus are commonly referred to as Brazilian wandering spiders. Other English names include armed spiders and banana spiders.
The southern house spider is a species of large spider in the family Filistatidae. Currently given the scientific name Kukulcania hibernalis, it was formerly known as Filistata hibernalis. Found in the Americas, it exhibits strong sexual dimorphism. It is occurs in the southern states of the USA, throughout Central America and some of the Caribbean, to southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. The males may be mistaken for brown recluses because the two have similar coloration and body structure. However, compared to the brown recluse, male southern house spiders are typically larger in size, lack the distinctive violin shape on their cephalothorax, and have unusually long slender pedipalps. The females are dark brown or black and more compact. Both sexes may grow to be roughly 2 inches (5.1 cm) across, with the males typically having longer legs, and the females often having larger, bulbous bodies. The abdomen of the southern house spider is covered with fine velvety light gray hair.
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae. They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Capeta is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae.
Phoneutria boliviensis is a species of a medically important spider in the family Ctenidae, found in Central and South America.
Phoneutria fera is a species of spider with medically significant venom in the family Ctenidae found in South America. It is commonly known as the Brazilian wandering spider and the banana spider, although these names are applied to other species in the genus Phoneutria, particularly Phoneutria nigriventer. P. fera tends to spend a larger amount of time in vegetation during the early period of its life and spends more time on the ground once it becomes larger. This is more common in females, since they are usually larger than males. Medical records from within the geographic range of P. fera show bites, have the potential to develop moderate to severe systematic reactions in humans.
Phoneutria nigriventer is a species of medically significant spider in the family Ctenidae, found in South America. Along with other members of the genus, they are often referred to as Brazilian wandering spiders.
Phoneutria reidyi is a species of venomous spiders in the family Ctenidae, found in South America.
Unicorn ("one horn", in Latin) is a genus of goblin spiders from South America, containing seven species that occur predominantly in high elevation, semi-desert regions of Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Individuals are relatively large for goblin spiders, measuring up to 3.0 mm (0.12 in) in body length. The genus name refers to a characteristic pointed projection between the eyes and jaws of males. In at least one species, broken-off tips of the male pedipalps have been found within the genitalia of females, postulated as a means of sperm competition. Unicorn possesses several traits that suggest it is a relatively "primitive" member of the Oonopidae, and is classified with other similar, soft-bodied goblin spiders in the subfamily Sulsulinae.
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. Currently, 1,010 species have been identified. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Phoneutria pertyi is a species of spiders in the family Ctenidae, found in Brazil.
Neischnocolus is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae. It was first described in 1925 by Petrunkevitch. The genus Ami was separately described in 2008, but was later discovered to be a junior synonym of Neischnocolus. Species are native to Central America and northern South America.
This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids.
Garcorops jadis is a possibly extinct species of Wall crab spider, family Selenopidae, and at present, it is one of four known species in the genus Garcorops. The species is solely known from copal found on the beach near Sambava, on the northeast coast of Madagascar.
Poecilotheria ornata, known as the fringed ornamental or ornate tiger spider, is a large arboreal tarantula, which is endemic to Sri Lanka. Their legspan sometimes reaches 10 inches (25 cm) in females, and is probably the second largest of the genus, behind Poecilotheria rufilata.
Predatoroonops is a genus of goblin spiders endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The genus is characterized by the extremely modified male chelicerae and long pairs of ventral spines. It is the first fully revised endemic Brazilian genus of spiders, uncovered in 2012 after two and a half years of research at São Paulo's Instituto Butantan.
Ctenus captiosus, known generally as the Florida false wolf spider or tropical wolf spider, is a species of wandering spider in the family Ctenidae. It is found in the United States., and is one of two species of Ctenidae occurring in Florida. Little is known about the biology of this species.
Loxosceles intermedia, the Brazilian brown recluse spider, is a highly venomous spider species in the family Sicariidae native to Brazil and Argentina.
Loxosceles gaucho commonly known in English as the gaucho spider. is a highly venomous recluse spider endemic to South America.