Phoronopsis harmeri

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Phoronopsis harmeri
Phoronopsis harmeri IZ 1643662.png
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Phoronida
Family: Phoronidae
Genus: Phoronopsis
Species:
P. harmeri
Binomial name
Phoronopsis harmeri
Pixell, 1912 [1]
Synonyms
  • Phoronopsis malakhoviTemereva, 2000

Phoronopsis harmeri is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida. [2] [3] It was first described by H.L.M. Pixell in 1912, and was found off of Vancouver Island. [2]

Contents

Ecology

This species has been found around the world in coastal habitats. [2]

Like other Lophophorata, P. harmeli is a filter feeder. They have been known to various bacteria and other planktonic organisms with a size range of 1.2–12 μm. [4]

Development

Larvae have a minor nerve ring. [5] During larval development, serotonin-like immunoreactive parts of the nervous system change. [5]

Related Research Articles

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Bryozoa are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimetres long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869 living species are known. Originally all of the crown group Bryozoa were colonial, but as an adaptation to a mesopsammal life or to deep‐sea habitats, secondarily solitary forms have since evolved. Solitary species has been described in four genera; Aethozooides, Aethozoon, Franzenella and Monobryozoon). The latter having a statocyst‐like organ with a supposed excretory function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hemichordate</span> Phylum of marine deuterostome animals

Hemichordata is a phylum which consists of triploblastic, enterocoelomate, and bilaterally symmetrical marine deuterostome animals, generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms. They appear in the Lower or Middle Cambrian and include two main classes: Enteropneusta, and Pterobranchia. A third class, Planctosphaeroidea, is known only from the larva of a single species, Planctosphaera pelagica. The class Graptolithina, formerly considered extinct, is now placed within the pterobranchs, represented by a single living genus Rhabdopleura.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lophophorata</span> Clade of shelled animals

The Lophophorata or Tentaculata are a Lophotrochozoan clade consisting of the Brachiozoa and the Bryozoa. They have a lophophore. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that lophophorates are protostomes, but on morphological grounds they have been assessed as deuterostomes. Fossil finds of the "tommotiid" Wufengella suggest that they evolved from worm-like animals that resembled annelids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemertea</span> Phylum of invertebrates, ribbon worms

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ctenophora</span> Phylum of gelatinous marine animals

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<i>Phoronis</i> Genus of worms

Phoronis is one of the two genera of the horseshoe worm family (Phoronidae), in the phylum Phoronida. The body has two sections, each with its own coelom. There is a specialist feeding structure, the lophophore, which is an extension of the wall of the coelom and is surrounded by tentacles. The gut is U-shaped. The diagnostic feature that distinguishes this genus is the lack of epidermal invagination at the base of the lophophore. These worms are filter feeders. They live on hard substrates or soft sediments in marine environments throughout the world. They have different modes of reproduction which help with their success.

A planula is the free-swimming, flattened, ciliated, bilaterally symmetric larval form of various cnidarian species and also in some species of Ctenophores, which are not related to cnidarians at all. Some groups of Nemerteans also produce larvae that are very similar to the planula, which are called planuliform larva. In a few cnidarian clades, like Aplanulata and the parasitic Myxozoa, the planula larval stage has been lost.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phoronid</span> Phylum of marine animals

Phoronids are a small phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore, and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies. They live in most of the oceans and seas, including the Arctic Ocean but excluding the Antarctic Ocean, and between the intertidal zone and about 400 meters down. Most adult phoronids are 2 cm long and about 1.5 mm wide, although the largest are 50 cm long.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brachiopod</span> Phylum of marine animals also known as lamp shells

Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove structures of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic skeletal feature, by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished as fossils. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple, vertically oriented opening and closing muscles. Conversely, inarticulate brachiopods have weak, untoothed hinges and a more complex system of vertical and oblique (diagonal) muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In many brachiopods, a stalk-like pedicle projects from an opening near the hinge of one of the valves, known as the pedicle or ventral valve. The pedicle, when present, keeps the animal anchored to the seabed but clear of sediment which would obstruct the opening.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tommotiid</span> Extinct order of brachiopods

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Phoronopsis is a genus of horseshoe worm in the family Phoronidae, in the phylum Phoronida. The members of the genus live in tubes at the bottom of the sea.

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<i>Berghia stephanieae</i> Species of gastropod

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References

  1. Pixell, H. L. M. (1912). Memoirs: two new species of the Phoronidea from Vancouver Island. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. 2(230), 257-284.
  2. 1 2 3 Emig, Christian (2020). "Phoronopsis harmeri Pixell, 1912". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  3. "Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Phoronida". Phoronida World Database. 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  4. E.N. Temereva, V.V. Malakhov (2010). "Filter feeding mechanism in the phoronid Phoronopsis harmeri (Phoronida, Lophophorata)". Russian Journal of Marine Biology . 36 (2): 109–116. Bibcode:2010RuJMB..36..109T. doi:10.1134/S1063074010020057. S2CID   40613246.
  5. 1 2 Elena N Temereva, Eugeni B Tsitrin (2010). "Development and organization of the larval nervous system in Phoronopsis harmeri: new insights into phoronid phylogeny". Frontiers in Zoology . 11 (1): 3. doi: 10.1186/1742-9994-11-3 . PMC   3924620 . PMID   24418063.