| Phylloneta impressa | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Theridiidae |
| Genus: | Phylloneta |
| Species: | P. impressa |
| Binomial name | |
| Phylloneta impressa | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Phylloneta impressa is a species of comb-footed spider from the genus Phylloneta with a Holarctic distribution. [1]
The body length of the male is 2.5-5.5 mm, female body length is 3.5-5.5 mm. [2]
Very similar to Phylloneta sisyphia , the prosoma is reddish yellow, with a broad, brown-black margin and a median stripe. The sternum is reddish yellow and has a dark margin. The chelicerae are reddish yellow, and the legs are reddish yellow, annulated with brown. The opisthosoma is yellowish or reddish, with a dark brown pattern consisting of spots on the back. [2]
This species has a Holarctic distribution, it is widespread in western Europe although it has not been recorded in Iceland. [2] In Britain it is common in south and central England and becomes scarcer or even absent as one moves west and north. [3]
Phylloneta impressa builds a similar retreat to that of P. sisyphia and in the similar habitats. Both species can sometimes be found together on gorse, heather and thorny bushes, [3] below its retreat the spider spins the typical tangle web which gives some members of the family Theridiidae the common name tangle-web spiders. [4] Phylloneta impressa has also been found on rush florets in the upper reaches of saltmarshes. The adult males have been recorded between May and August, adult females between June and October, and even on one exceptional occasion in December. The males peak in occurrence during June and July, the females in July and August, which is later than P. sisyphia. Adult males have been found mate-guarding immature females in the retreats. A single, spherical blue-green egg-sac is produced by the female in August and September, again slightly later than P. sisyphia, and are kept within the retreat. When they emerge the juveniles are fed orally by the female, in a similar way to P. sisyphia. [3]
Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 species in 124 genera, and is the most common arthropod found in human dwellings throughout the world.
Parasteatoda tepidariorum, the common house spider, referred to internationally as the American house spider, is a spider species of the genus Parasteatoda that is mainly indigenous to the New World, with P. tepidariorum australis but has achieved a cosmopolitan distribution. American house spiders are synanthropic and build their tangled webs in or near human dwellings, greenhouses or similar, often in secluded areas such as between loose walls and behind open doors and attic windows. Statistically, they are the most often encountered spider by humans in North America, and least likely to adopt defensive behavior in their vicinity. Their prey mechanism is similar to that of the other cobweb spiders: the spider follows disturbances transmitted along the web to entangle and then paralyze its prey, which usually consists of household insects and other invertebrates.
The yellow-legged buttonquail is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble, but are unrelated to, the true quails. They are endemic to the Indian subcontinent, East Asia and Southeast Asia. There are two recognised subspecies; T. t. tanki is found in Pakistan, India and Nepal, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; and T. t. blanfordii is found in Myanmar, and Indochina, and eastwards to eastern China. It also migrates to and breeds in the Korea peninsular and the southernmost parts of southeast Russia.
The black house spider or common black spider is a common species of cribellate Australian spider, introduced to New Zealand and Japan. A closely related species, Badumna longinqua, the grey house spider, has a similar distribution, but has also been introduced to the Americas.
Theridion grallator, also known as the Hawaiian happy-face spider, is a spider in the family Theridiidae that resides on the Hawaiian Islands. T. grallator obtains its vernacular name of "Hawaiian happy-face spider" from the unique patterns superimposed on its abdomen, specifically those that resemble a human smiling face. Its Hawaiian name is nananana makakiʻi. The specific epithet grallator is Latin for "stilt walker", a reference to the species' long, spindly legs. T. grallator is particularly notable because of its wide range of polymorphisms that may be studied to allow a better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms. In addition to the variety of color polymorphisms present in T. grallator, this spider also demonstrates the interesting quality of diet-induced color change, in which its appearance temporarily changes as it metabolizes various food items.
Nephilengys is a genus of tropical spiders of the family Araneidae, consisting of two currently described species. The genus Nephilingis has been split off from this genus. Both genera have been called hermit spiders from the habit staying in their retreats during the day; the name eunuch spiders has been used for Nephilengys alone. Males may sever parts of their palpal bulbs after copulation.
Araneus marmoreus, commonly called the marbled orb-weaver, is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is sometimes also called the pumpkin spider from the resemblance of the female's inflated abdomen to an orange pumpkin. It has a Holarctic distribution.
Titanoeca quadriguttata is a species of spider in the family Titanoecidae. It is widespread in Europe, though absent from Great Britain, and is found in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Ukraine.
Sidymella rubrosignata is a species of crab spiders found in Australia. It is a common spider, often seen on Dianella plants.
Rugathodes sexpunctatus is a minute species of spider in the family Theridiidae, the cobweb or tangle-web spiders. This family includes the medically important genus Latrodectus—the widow spiders. The species in the genus Rugathodes are too small to be dangerous to humans. Very little is known about most species in this genus.
Tetragnatha extensa is a species of spider found across the Northern Hemisphere. It has an elongate body, up to 11 mm (0.43 in) long, and adopts a straight line posture when alarmed. It lives on low vegetation in damp areas, and feeds on flying insects which it catches in its web.
Theridiosoma gemmosum is a species of spider in the family Theridiosomatidae, known as ray spiders. It is widely distributed in the Holarctic region. A small spider with a shiny globular abdomen, it constructs a conical orb web.
Cheiracanthium erraticum, the two-clawed hunting spider, is a species of Palearctic spider of the family Cheiracanthiidae.
Phylloneta is a genus of comb-footed spiders formerly considered a sub-genus of Allotheridion, and raised to genus status in 2008. The type species was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884 as Theridion pictipes. As of September 2019 it contains three species and two subspecies with a holarctic distribution: P. impressa, P. pictipes, P. sisyphia, P. s. foliifera, and P. s. torandae.
Phylloneta sisyphia, the mothercare spider, is a species of comb-footed spider from the genus Phylloneta.
Cryphoeca silvicola is a small species of dwarf sheet spider in the family Cybaeidae which has a Palearctic distribution. The generic name, Cryphoeca, means hidden and the specific name silvicola means "living in the woods".
Clubiona subsultans, the Caledonian sac spider, is a spider from the family Clubionidae with a Palearctic distribution.
Anitistea elegans, the marsh combtail, is a species of dwarf sheet web spider in the family Hahniidae which has a Palearctic distribution.
Tetragnatha montana, commonly known as the silver stretch spider, is a species of long-jawed orb weaver from the family Tetragnathidae that has a Palearctic distribution. It preys mostly on flies and mosquitoes. The name silver stretch spider refers to its shiny metallic colour and its habit of extending its legs into a stick like shape.
Canalidion is a monotypic genus of tangle-web spiders containing the single species, Canalidion montanum. The species was first described by James Emerton in 1882 under the name Theridion montanum. J. Wunderlich moved it to its own genus in 2018, because it had more teeth on the anterior margin of the cheliceral furrow, a basal depression of the cymbium, and an embolus positioned dorsally. It has a holarctic distribution.