| Piper guahamense | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Piperales |
| Family: | Piperaceae |
| Genus: | Piper |
| Species: | P. guahamense |
| Binomial name | |
| Piper guahamense C.DC. (1869) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Piper guahamense, the Guam pepper [1] (Chamorro: pupulun aniti), is a plant in the family Piperaceae, and is endemic to the Mariana Islands. [2]
P. guahamense morphologically resembles the kava pepper, and it has a similar aroma and taste. It is common in shady, moist forests and streamside. [1]
Piper guahamense was first classified as being in the Macropiper genus by in 1839 by Dutch botanist Friedrich Miquel. [3]
The name Piper guahamense was first recorded in 1869 in the 16th volume of Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis by Swiss botanist, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle. [4] However, later authors grouped it into the narrower genus Macropiper, which consisted of only 9 species, all in the Pacific Ocean. The species is now subsumed under the large genus Piper. [3]
Several species of insect have been recovered exclusively from Piper guahamense. The following is a list of endemic insects that are possibly host-specific. All were collected during a 1911 and 1936 entomological surveys of the island:
The following insects are endemic to the Marianas or Micronesia and have been observed on Piper guahamense and other plant species: a spittlebug ( Lallemandana phalerata ), [8] a rove beetle ( Palaminus swezeyi ), [9] an ant-like leaf beetle ( Euglenes bifossicollis ), [10] a tumbling flower beetle ( Mordellistena castanea ), a chalcid wasp ( Ooencyrtus swezeyi ), [11] three planthoppers (Tambinia guamensis, Ugyops samoaensis , and Capelopterum punctatellum ), [12] and four true weevils ( Trigonops inusitata, Trigonops vulgaris, Daealus tuberosus, and Cryphalus swezeyi ) (Elwood C. Zimmerman noted extensive perforations in the leaves of Piper guahamense due to Trigonops). [13] [14]
Non-endemic invertebrates collected from Piper guahamense include a plant bug ( Creontiades pallidifer), [15] a chalcicoid wasp ( Spalangia endius ), and a fungus weevil ( Araecerus vieillardi ). [16]
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Founded in 1889, it is the largest museum in Hawaiʻi and has the world's largest collection of Polynesian cultural artifacts and natural history specimens. Besides the comprehensive exhibits of Hawaiian cultural material, the museum's total holding of natural history specimens exceeds 24 million, of which the entomological collection alone represents more than 13.5 million specimens. The Index Herbariorum code assigned to Herbarium Pacificum of this museum is BISH and this abbreviation is used when citing housed herbarium specimens.
Amaranthus brownii was an annual herb in the family Amaranthaceae. The plant was found only on the small island of Nihoa in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, growing on rocky outcrops at altitudes of 120–215 m (394–705 ft). It was one of nine species of Amaranthus in the Hawaiian Islands, as well as the only endemic Hawaiian species of the genus. It is now considered extinct.
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman was an American entomologist best known for his two multivolume series: Insects of Hawaii published by the University of Hawaiʻi Press and Australian Weevils published by Australia's CSIRO.
The Mangarevan expedition of 1934 was a scientific expedition to investigate the natural history of the farthest southeastern islands of Polynesia, including Mangareva. It was a comprehensive natural history expedition of a kind more common during the previous century.
Neoeuxesta is a genus of picture-winged flies in the family Ulidiidae. As of 2012, it consists of the following species:
Trissodoris honorariella, the pandanus leaf perforator or pandanus hole-cutter moth, is a small cosmet moth species. It belongs to subfamily Cosmopteriginae and is the type species of the genus Trissodoris. Baron Thomas Walsingham in 1907 had specimens from both ends of the species' range – New Guinea and Pitcairn Island – which he described as separate species Stagmatophora honorariella and S. quadrifasciata in the same work. But his mistake was soon recognized, and when Edward Meyrick established the genus Trissodoris in 1914, he chose the former name to be valid.
Chedra microstigma is a tiny moth of the family Batrachedridae described in 1907. It has only been found on Oahu. It has been found feeding on sedges, plants belonging to the Cyperaceae family, and its larvae host at least three species of parasitoids in Hawaii.
Tytthus is a genus of insects in family Miridae, the plant bugs. They are carnivorous, feeding upon the eggs of various planthoppers in the family Delphacidae, and thus are important in the biological control of pests. The genus is distributed throughout the Holarctic of the Northern Hemisphere, but species are also found in the tropics, in China, South America, Australia, and the Indo-Pacific.
Eugenia palumbis is a shrub with edible fruits in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to the Mariana Islands, including Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Hyaliodes is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 20 described species in Hyaliodes.
Oncerometopus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 12 described species in Oncerometopus.
Paraproba is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 20 described species in Paraproba.
Macrolophus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 20 described species in Macrolophus.
Microtechnites is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about six described species in Microtechnites.
Restheniini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 4 genera and 30 described species in Restheniini.
Elsie Herbold Froeschner was a scientific illustrator best known for her ink drawings of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera. The insect genus Elsiella and insect species Froeschneriella elsiae are named in her honor.
Syzygium thompsonii is an endemic tree of the Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota, and Saipan with a striking appearance due to its abundance of white flowers and edible fruit that grow directly from the trunk. It is related to the Malay apple but bears smaller tart fruit.
Levu is a genus of small planthoppers from the family Derbidae, tribe Rhotanini, with more than 30 species. The species are found mainly on the islands of the western Pacific, particularly Melanesia. A few species have been also reported from eastern Australia and mainland Asia. The adult hoppers are around 4–5 mm long from head to the tip of the forewings. They lack the bright colours or conspicuous wing patters of other derbids, but a few species have red or orange markings. The wings may be carried in a roof-like (tectiform) position when the insects are at rest or they form a common plane like in house flies.
Glochidion marianum is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae that is endemic to the islands of Guam and the Caroline Islands.
Lallemandana phalerata is a species of spittlebug belonging to the family Cercopidae.