| Plagiorhynchidae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Acanthocephala |
| Class: | Palaeacanthocephala |
| Order: | Polymorphida |
| Family: | Plagiorhynchidae Golvan, 1960 |
Plagiorhynchidae is a family of parasitic Acanthocephalan worms.
Genera in Plagiorhynchidae are divided into three subfamilies: Plagiorhynchinae, Porrorchinae, and Sphaerechinorhynchinae. [1] [lower-alpha 1]
ParalueheiaSaxena & Gupta, 2008 contains only one species, Paralueheia guptaiSaxena & Gupta, 2008
Species in Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 are divided into two subgenera: Plagiorhynchus and Prosthorhynchus. [2]
P. aznari was found infesting a long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico. [3]
ProsthorhynchusKostylew, 1915 contains many species:
P. cylindraceus was found infesting the Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) in central Chile. [4] Janice Moore [5] discovered P. cylindraceus to be a parasite that infects an intermediate host, the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare, which alters its behavior and becomes more susceptible to P. cylindraceus' primary host, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris).
LueheiaTravassos, 1919 contains several species:
L. inscripta was found infesting the Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) in central Chile. [4] It has also been found in the Puerto Rican lizard Anolis cristatellus . [6]
OligoterorhynchusMonticelli, 1914 contains one species: Oligoterorhynchus campylurus (Nitzsch, 1857)
OwilfordiaSchmidt and Kuntz, 1967 contains three species.
PorrorchisFukui, 1929 contains many species.
Golvan, 1957
Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
Johnston, 1929
S. macropisthospinus has been found in the intestine of the tiger (Panthera tigris) and a water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Vietnam. [7]
Plagiorhynchidae species parasitize a variety of hosts.
Quadrigyridae is the only family within Gyracanthocephala, an order of parasitic worms of class Eoacanthocephala. This family contains two subfamilies, ten genera and about 92 species.
Acanthocephalus is a genus of parasitic worms. One of the species in this genus is Acanthocephalus anguillae, a fish parasite. Acanthocephalans are also found in humans and primates, causing a common zoonotic infection called "human acanthocephaliasis". While pathogens can be transferred among animals and humans, the main source of human acanthocephaliasis is the diet of infected raw fish and insects. Because they are lacking circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems, Acanthocephalus are exceptionally well-adapted to a symbiotrophic existence.
The thorny-headed worm family Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphinae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic, with no basal genera outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it. Polymorphus minutus is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.
Mediorhynchus is a genus of small parasitic spiny-headed worms. Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on two known species of Mediorhynchus and confirmed the placement along with the related genus Gigantorhynchus in the family Gigantorhynchida. The distinguishing features of this order among archiacanthocephalans is a divided proboscis. This genus contains fifty-eight species that are distributed globally. These worms exclusively parasitize birds by attaching themselves around the cloaca using their hook-covered proboscis. The bird hosts are of different orders.
Oligacanthorhynchida is an order containing a single parasitic worm family, Oligacanthorhynchidae, that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates.
Centrorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms. Three species of these thorny-headed worms in the genus Centrorhynchus were found to parasitize birds of prey and owls Slovakia. These hosts include Buteo buteo, Buteo rufinus, Falco tinnunculus, Asio otus, Strix aluco, Strix uralensis and Tyto alba.
Arhythmacanthidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Cavisomidae are a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Leptorhynchoididae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Rhadinorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Polymorphus is a genus of parasitic worms from the phylum Acanthocephala. This group uses amphipod crustaceans as intermediate hosts and various birds as final hosts.
Oligacanthorhynchus is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae.
Acanthogyrus is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Quadrigyridae. The species of this genus are found in Africa.
Rhadinorhynchus is a genus of worms belonging to the family Rhadinorhynchidae.
Isthomosacanthidae is a family of parasitic spiny-headed worms.
Pallisentis is a genus in Acanthocephala.
Pseudoacanthocephalus is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Echinorhynchidae.
Plagiorhynchus is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Plagiorhynchidae.
Owilfordia is a genus of worms belonging to the family Plagiorhynchidae.
Porrorchis is a genus of worms belonging to the family Plagiorhynchidae.